孕妇对B族链球菌疫苗的态度和接种意向研究  

Study on Attitude and Vaccination Intentions of Pregnant Women Towards Group B Streptococcus Vaccine

作　　者：计文婧[1] 蒋华林 叶丹[1] 刘海英 王卫东[4] 高春燕[5] 刘晶 方宇[1] Ji Wenjing;Jiang Hualin;Ye Dan;Liu Haiying;Wang Weidong;Gao Chunyan;Liu Jing;Fang Yu(Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy,School of Pharmacy,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061,China;Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,School of Public Health,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061,China;Clinical Laboratory,Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center,Guangzhou 510623,China;Department of Medical Affairs,Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health,Changsha 410007,China;Clinical Laboratory,Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Tangshan 063000,China;Clinical Laboratory,Tsinghua University Hospital,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学药学院药事管理与临床药学系,西安710061 [2]西安交通大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,西安710061 [3]广州市妇女儿童医疗中心检验科,广州510623 [4]长沙市妇幼保健院医务科,长沙410007 [5]唐山市妇幼保健院检验科,唐山063000 [6]清华大学医院检验科,北京100084

出　　处：《中国药事》2021年第5期586-594,共9页Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号71974156);中国博士后科学基金项目(编号2020M673427)。

摘　　要：目的:调查孕妇对B族链球菌(GBS)疫苗的态度与接种意向,为针对性地提高GBS疫苗接种,最终控制GBS感染提供参考。方法:选择北京、广州、长沙、西安和唐山5所城市的5个三级医院的孕妇进行横断面问卷调查,内容主要围绕孕妇对GBS感染的认知和对GBS疫苗的态度。调查问卷在健康信念模型和预调查的基础上编制完成,调查对象通过微信扫描二维码获得问卷题目并回答,数据分析主要使用描述性统计方法进行。结果:共932人(86.0%)完成了调查。大多数孕妇(82.8%)担心GBS可以从母亲传染给婴儿。对一种新疫苗的安全性和有效性存在担忧的调查对象分别高达89.9%和86.5%。如果有可用的GBS疫苗,61.6%的调查对象表示"可能"或"一定"选择接种。超过90%的孕妇表示会遵从医生的建议;信念是影响选择是否接种的主要因素。结论:参与本研究的调查对象对新疫苗的安全性和有效性存在一定顾虑,但仍有一半以上表示会选择接种GBS疫苗。此外,信念和医疗保健人员的建议在疫苗接种决策中具有重要的引导作用,因此,制定包括相关专业人员参与的健康教育计划非常必要。Objective: To investigate the attitude and intention of Group B Streptococcus vaccine in pregnant women to provide essential information for the process of the vaccine introduction and eventual control of GBS infection. Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among pregnant women in five large urban tertiary care hospitals located in Beijing, Guangzhou, Changsha, Xi’an and Tangshan, focusing on their perceptions of GBS infection and attitudes toward GBS vaccine. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of the Health Belief Model, and pre-research, and the respondents obtained the questionnaire questions and answered them by scanning the QR code through WeChat, and the data analysis was conducted by using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 932 pregnant women(86.0%) responded to the survey. Most pregnant women(82.8%) were concerned that GBS could be transmitted from mother to baby. Concerns about the safety and efficacy of a new vaccine were high at 89.9% and 86.5% of respondents respectively, while 61.6% "probably" or "definitely" would get vaccinated in their present pregnancy if available. More than 90% of participants would follow obstetrician/gynecologist suggestions on vaccination. The belief was the most influential factors influencing the choice to vaccinate or not. Conclusion: Pregnant women in this study have concerns about the safety and effectiveness of a new vaccine, but more than half still indicated that they would get vaccinated. In addition, the belief and recommendations from healthcare professionals play a key role in vaccination decision. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a health education plan including the participation of relevant professionals.

关 键 词：B族链球菌 疫苗 孕妇 健康信念模型 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]