我国法定数字货币法偿性问题探析  

Study on the Issue of Central Bank Digital Currency as Legal Tender in China

作　　者：郭泽鹏 GUO Ze-peng(School of Law and Economics,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法与经济学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《经济问题》2021年第6期16-23,共8页On Economic Problems

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项项目“国家治理模式改革与依法治国研究”(17VZL010);中国政法大学“法律与金融”交叉学科培育与建设计划。

摘　　要：我国的法定数字货币即将推出,理论界与实务界对法定数字货币是否应当坚持人民币纸币和硬币无限法偿性的规定存在一定争议。梳理了中外货币法偿性理论与制度,认为货币法偿性的一般本质是为了应对货币形态变化和权力更替过程中的货币竞争、为了保障货币信用和维系信用经济、为了降低交易成本和提升整体经济效率。数字经济时代,货币竞争由传统的主权国家货币竞争向数字技术支撑的国际化货币竞争发展,科技进步为货币信用、货币信任提供了新兴技术解决方案,货币效率极大提升的同时也对跨境支付结算提出了更高的要求,这对传统的货币法偿制度构成挑战。我国法定数字货币的发行流通若坚持无限法偿性,存在法理、技术和公众认知方面的障碍,也并非有益于数字经济的发展。缓和适用人民币法偿性规定、将法定数字货币的法偿性设置为有条件的无限法偿,不会对现行人民币的无限法偿制度构成挑战。The Central Bank Digital Currency(CBDC)of China is about to be launched.There are certain disputes in the theoretical and practical areas about whether the CBDC of China should adhere to the RMB banknotes and coins’ rule of strictly compulsory use of legal tenders.This paper goes through the theories and legal systems of legal tenders in China and abroad and believes that the nature of legal tenders is to deal with the change of currency forms and currency competition in the process of power replacement,to protect currency credit and maintain the credit economy,and to reduce transaction costs and improve the overall economic efficiency.In the era of digital economy,currency competition has developed from traditional sovereign currency competition to international currency competition supported by digital technology.Scientific and technological progress has provided emerging technological solutions for currency credit and currency trust.While the currency efficiency is greatly improved,it also puts forward higher requirements for cross-border payment,which poses a challenge to the traditional rules for legal tender.If the issuance and circulation of CBDC in China insists the rule of strictly compulsory use,obstacles will come out in legal theory,technology and public perception,and it will not be beneficial to the requirements of the digital economy era directly.Easing the application of the rules of strictly compulsory use and setting an exception for the CBDC will not pose a challenge to the current RMB system.

关 键 词：法定数字货币 法偿性 数字经济 货币法 

分 类 号：F822.1[经济管理—财政学]