沿程不连续束缩式内消能工在高流速无压隧洞中的应用  

Application of Discontinuous Shrinkage-Beam Internal Energy Dissipation in High Velocity and Pressure-free Tunnels

作　　者：武英豪 王均星[1] WU Ying-hao;WANG Jun-xing(School of Water Resources and Hydropower,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水利水电学院,武汉430000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2021年第6期174-180,186,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：华能科研项目(HNKJ15-H12)。

摘　　要：高速水流消能是高水头水利水电枢纽中最重要的水工水力学问题,目前工程上还未出现将沿程不连续束缩式内消能工应用在高流速无压隧洞中的先例。采用束窄过流断面的方法,利用Flow-3D软件对某水电站溢洪道进行数值模拟,验证高流速溢洪道无压隧洞内沿程布置内消能工可行性。初期采用结构简单的三角墩体型,以分析不同束窄度及倾角的消能墩的消能效果。针对三角墩体型的缺陷,提出驼峰型消能墩解决方案。最终确定隧洞段沿程布置束窄度为10%的对称驼峰墩组,并建立比尺为1∶80的溢洪道物理模型,对Flow-3D软件计算结果进行验证。实验结果表明,无压隧洞沿程布置驼峰墩组消能效果理想,但驼峰型消能墩仍存在过墩水翅及峰顶存在较大负压的问题,需要进一步进行体型优化。贴合水流流线优化后的驼峰型消能墩的空蚀空化及水翅问题可得到有效改善。High-speed water flow energy dissipation is the most important hydraulic problem in high head water conservancy and hydropower projects.At present,applying discontinuous beam shrinkage internal energy dissipation in high flow velocity and pressure-free tunnel has not occurred before.A numerical simulation of spillway of a hydropower station is carried out by using flow-3D software,and the feasibility of internal energy dissipation in the arrangement of pressure-free tunnel of high-velocity spillway is verified.In the initial stage,triangular piers with simple structure are used to analyze the energy dissipation effects of energy dissipation piers with different beam narrowness and slope ratio.Aiming at the defect of triangular pier,this paper puts forward the solution of hump type energy dissipating pier.The symmetrical hump piers with 10%beam narrowness along the tunnel section are finally determined,and the spillway physical model with a scale of 1∶80 is established to verify the calculation accuracy of flow-3D software.The experimental results show that the hump piers are arranged along the tunnel with ideal energy dissipation effect,but the hump type piers still have the problem of water wing over the pier and large negative pressure at the peak,and further body optimization is needed.Cavitation erosion and water wing problems of hump piers with optimized flow lines are improved effectively.

关 键 词：无压隧洞 高速水流 内消能工 三角墩 驼峰墩 Flow-3D 

分 类 号：TV135.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]