挂车装卸时间不确定的甩挂车辆动态调度优化  

Dynamic tractor and semi-trailer routing problem with the non-deterministic operation time of trailers

作　　者：杨珍花 王滋承 魏照坤 靳志宏 YANG Zhenhua;WANG Zicheng;WEI Zhaokun;JIN Zhihong(College of Economics and Management,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 226590,China;College of Transportation,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;College of Transportation Engineering,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学经济管理学院,青岛266590 [2]山东科技大学交通学院,青岛266590 [3]大连海事大学交通运输工程学院,大连116026

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2021年第5期1081-1095,共15页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71702019,71901005);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目(20YJCZH175);中国科学技术协会“一带一路”国际科技组织合作平台建设项目(2020ZZGJB072032)。

摘　　要：挂车运输任务由送挂车和取挂车两个阶段构成,由于站点处对挂车装卸作业的耗时难以准确预估,导致取挂车任务的可执行时间存在不确定性,据此本文提出甩挂车辆的动态调度优化问题。构建混合整数规划模型,并开发多阶段动态优化算法.算例部分对比分析了业界规则、本文算法和模拟退火算法的精度及时段长度、预估时刻变动的任务比例对作业方案总成本的影响.结果显示:本文模型和算法能有效降低甩挂运输车辆的作业成本;随着待执行任务数增多,可适度缩短算法的决策时段长度;预估时刻变动的任务比例不同,对车辆作业成本的影响主要通过改变固定成本来实现,且随着待执行任务数增多,这一因素的影响逐渐弱化.本文研究更加贴近现实情境,相关研究结论能够直接为甩挂运输企业提供决策支持.The semi-trailer transportation task consists of two stages:Sending the semi-trailer and taking back the semi-trailer.Due to the time-consuming of semi-trailer’s loading and unloading at the station can hardly be estimated accurately,there is uncertainty about the execution time of taking back the semi-trailer.According to this characteristic,this paper puts forward the dynamic scheduling optimization problem of the vehicle in the tractor and semi-trailer transportation system,constructs the mixed integer programming model,and develops the multi-stage dynamic optimization algorithm.In the numerical example part,the accuracy respectively of the practical rule,the multi-stage dynamic optimization algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm are compared and analyzed.At the same time,the influence of the decisionperiod length and the proportion of the estimated-time-altered tasks on the total cost of the scheme is also compared and analyzed in this part.The results show that:The model and the algorithm in this paper can effectively reduce the total cost of the vehicle scheme;as the number of tasks increases,the length of decision-period of our algorithm can be appropriately shortened;the impact of the different proportion of the estimated-time-altered tasks on the total cost of the vehicle scheme is mainly realized by changing the fixed cost,while as the number of tasks increases,the influence of this factor gradually weakens.The research of this paper is more close to the real situation,and the relevant,conclusions can directly provide decisiou support for the tractor and semi-trailer transportation enterprises.

关 键 词：甩挂运输 挂车装卸时间 空挂运输任务 车辆动态调度 多阶段动态优化算法 

分 类 号：U492.22[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]