工作场所空气中三甲基氯化锡职业接触限值研究  

Occupational exposure limit of trimethyltin chloride in workplace air

作　　者：吴邦华[1] 戎伟丰[1] 张子群[1] 何嘉恒[1] 马安萍 郑倩玲[1] 杨爱初[1] 赖关朝[1] WU Bang-hua;RONG Wei-feng;ZHANG Zi-qun;HE Jia-heng;MA An-ping;ZHENG Qian-ling;YANG Ai-chu;LAI Guan-chao(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2021年第1期33-38,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：卫生标准制定、修订项目(20100303);广东省医学科研基金(A2018502);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B-030314152)。

摘　　要：目的制订三甲基氯化锡(TMT)的工作场所空气中职业接触限值。方法根据GBZ/T 210.1-2008《职业卫生标准制定指南第1部分:工作场所化学物质职业接触限值》,对与TMT有关的毒理学、人群流行病学和国外职业接触限值相关文献资料进行收集与分析。以276名职业性接触TMT的工人为接触组,以25名无职业性接触TMT的人员为对照组,开展现场职业卫生调查和职业健康检查。结合文献资料,通过以接触TMT但未发生中度低血钾的工人尿中TMT水平的90.0%医学参考值水平(内接触限值)推算工作场所空气中TMT的职业接触限值。结果美国以总有机锡(按锡计)制定工作场所空气中TMT的时间加权平均值为0.100 mg/m^(3),短时间接触限值为0.200 mg/m^(3);德国制定工作场所空气中TMT的最高工作场所浓度为0.005 mg/m^(3)。文献资料显示,TMT中毒的潜伏期多数为3~6 d,中毒早期主要症状为低血钾,其后可出现头痛、记忆力下降和攻击行为等神经精神症状。接触组工人个体接触TMT水平中位数(M)和第0~100百分位数(P0~P100)为8.35(<0.20~91.40)μg/m^(3);不同岗位工人个体接触TMT水平从高到低依次为破碎、制粒、押出和组装岗位。接触组工人尿中TMT水平M(P0~P100)为16.94(<0.50~591.14)μg/L。接触组工人个体接触TMT水平与尿中TMT水平呈正相关(Spearman等级相关系数=0.62,P<0.01)。接触组工人低血钾检出率高于对照组(26.1%vs 4.0%,P<0.05);但2组工人中度低血钾检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(3.3%vs 0.0%,P>0.05)。接触TMT但未发生中度低血钾工人尿TMT水平的90.0%医学参考值为89.90μg/L。结论为防止由TMT引起的急性低血钾损害,建议将我国工作场所空气中TMT的职业接触限值推荐为0.025 mg/m^(3),限值类型为最高容许浓度。Objective To establish the occupational exposure limit for trimethyltin chloride(TMT) in workplace air. MethodsAccording to the GBZ/T 210.1-2008 Guide for Establishing Occupational Health Standards--Part 1: Occupational Exposure Limits for Airborne Chemicals in the Workplace, the relevant literatures on toxicology, population epidemiology and foreign occupational exposure limit of TMT were collected and analyzed. A total of 276 workers with TMT occupational exposure were selected as the exposure group and 25 workers without TMT occupational exposure were selected as the control group.Worksite survey of occupational health and occupational medical examination were carried out. Combined with the literature data, the occupational exposure limit of TMT in the workplace air was calculated by using the 90% medical reference level(internal exposure limit) of the urine TMT level of workers who exposed to TMT without moderate hypokalemia. Results The time-weighted average of TMT in the workplace air is 0.100 mg/m^(3) and the short-term exposure limit is 0.200 mg/m^(3) in the United States based on total organic tin. The highest concentration of TMT in the workplace air in Germany is 0.005 mg/m^(3). The literature data analysis results showed that the incubation period of TMT poisoning is mostly 3-6 days, and the main symptoms of TMT poisoning are hypokalemia in the early stage, followed by neuropsychiatric symptoms such as headache, memory loss and aggressive behavior. The median(M) and the 0-100 th percentile(P0-P100) of exposure to TMT were 8.35(< 0.20-91.40) μg/m^(3) in the exposure group. The individual TMT exposure level of workers in different positions from high to low were crushing, granulation, withdrawal and assembly positions. The M(P0-P100) of urinary TMT level in the exposure group was 16.94(<0.50-591.14) μg/L. There was a positive correlation between the individual TMT exposure level and urine TMT level in the exposure group(Spearman correlation coefficient=0.62, P<0.01). The detection rate of hypokalemia

关 键 词：三甲基氯化锡 工作场所 空气 职业接触限值 最高容许浓度 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]