低水平苯系物与噪声联合接触对工人听力损失影响  

Effect of co-exposure of low-level benzene derivatives and noise on hearing loss of workers

作　　者：刘丹 孙新[1] 胡伟江[1] LIU Dan;SUN Xin;HU Wei-jiang(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2021年第1期59-64,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定(131031109000160004)。

摘　　要：目的探讨联合接触低水平苯系物与噪声对工人听力损失的影响。方法采用典型抽样方法,选择9家木制家具厂和4家印刷厂216名员工为研究对象,将不接触职业病危害因素者设为对照组,单纯接触噪声者设为噪声组,同时接触苯系物与噪声者设为联合接触组。对3组人群工作场所8 h等效声级(L_(EX,8h))和空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯的时间加权平均浓度(C_(TWA))进行检测,并对其进行双耳0.5~8.0 kHz的纯音听阈测试。结果联合接触组人群工作场所空气中未检出苯,甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯的C_(TWA)均低于职业接触限值。噪声组、联合接触组人群接触的LEX,8h均高于对照组[(85.6±2.5)vs(68.7±4.4) dB(A),(84.3±3.1)vs(68.7±4.4) dB(A),P值均<0.05],噪声组人群接触的LEX,8h高于联合接触组[(85.6±2.5)vs(84.3±3.1) dB(A),P<0.05]。与对照组比较,噪声组、联合接触组人群双耳各频率听阈、语频平均听阈和高频平均听阈均升高(P值均<0.05),语频和高频听力损失检出率均升高(P值均<0.02)。与噪声组比较,联合接触组人群右耳0.5、1.0 kHz听阈和左耳0.5 kHz听阈均升高(P值均<0.05),语频听力损失检出率升高(16.7%vs 40.8%,P<0.02)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:在排除文化程度和吸烟等混杂因素的影响后,联合接触组人群罹患语频和高频听力损失的风险均高于对照组和噪声组(P值均<0.05)。结论低水平苯系物与噪声联合接触可能对工人听力损失具有协同作用。Objective To explore the effects of combined exposure to low-level benzene derivatives and noise on hearing loss of workers. Methods A total of 216 employees from nine wood furniture factories and four printing factories were selected as research subjects by typical sampling method. Those without exposure to occupational hazardous factors were set as the control group, those exposed to noise alone were set as the noise group, and those exposed to benzene derivatives and noise were set as the combined exposure group. The normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 8 hours working day(L_(EX,8 h)) and the exposure concentration of time weighted average(C_(TWA)) of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene in the workplace air of the three groups were detected, and the hearing threshold of 0.5-8.0 kHz in both ears of the research subjects were measured by pure tone audiometry. Results No benzene was detected in the workplace air of the combined exposure group, and the C_(TWA) of toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene were all lower than the occupational exposure limits. The L_(EX,8 h) of the noise group and combined exposure group were all higher than that of the control group [(85.6±2.5) vs(68.7±4.4) dB(A),(84.3±3.1) vs(68.7±4.4) dB(A), all P<0.05], while the LEX,8 h of the noise group was higher than that of the combined exposure group [(85.6±2.5) vs(84.3±3.1) dB(A), P<0.05]. Compared with the control group, the individual frequency hearing thresholds, average hearing threshold of speech frequency and average hearing threshold of high frequency in both ears in the noise group and the combined exposure group were increased(all P<0.05), and the detection rates of speech frequency hearing loss and high frequency hearing loss were increased(all P<0.02). The hearing thresholds of right ear of 0.5, 1.0 kHz and left ear of 0.5 kHz were increased in the combined exposure group(all P<0.05), and the detection rate of speech frequency hearing loss was increased(16.7% vs 40.8%, P<0.02), whe

关 键 词：苯系物 噪声 联合接触 听力损失 协同作用 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]