硝酸改性石墨毡制作超级电容器的复合电极  

Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitors Fabricated with Graphite Felt Modified by Nitric Acid

作　　者：严晨欢 曲艺鸿 童新[1] 王哲[1] 徐少辉[1] 熊大元[1] 王连卫[1] Yan Chenhuan;Qu Yihong;Tong Xin;Wang Zhe;Xu Shaohui;Xiong Dayuan;Wang Lianwei(School of Physics and Electronic Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学物理与电子科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《微纳电子技术》2021年第4期350-358,共9页Micronanoelectronic Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(61774060);上海市科学技术委员会资助项目(14DZ2260800)。

摘　　要：为了改善石墨毡(GF)表面的疏水性以及解决生长的活性物质易脱落的问题,研究了使用浓硝酸简单的一步法活化石墨毡并且引入含氧官能团。通过实验确定了合适的浓硝酸反应条件。经浓硝酸改性后的石墨毡的比电容可以达到272.6 mF·cm^(-2),而且,发现改性后的石墨毡(MGF)更有利于活性物质生长。与MGF结合后,用于超级电容器电极的常用材料(如MnO_(2))和较不常用材料(如SnO_(2))在离子扩散速度、循环稳定性和比电容方面都有很大的改善。MnO_(2)/MGF的比电容可以达到929 mF·cm^(-2),并且在循环10 000次后还有88%的比电容保持率;对于SnO_(2)/MGF,比电容为640 mF·cm^(-2),5 000次循环后比电容保持率为93%。To improve the hydrophobicity of the graphite felt(GF)surface and solve the problem that the grown active material on it easily falls off,a simple one-step method with concentrated HNO3 to activate graphite felt and introduce oxygen-containing functional groups were studied.The suitable reaction conditions of concentrated HNO3 were determined by experiments.The specific capacitance of the graphite felt modified by concentrated HNO3 can reach 272.6 mF·cm^(-2).Moreover,it is found that the modified graphite felt(MGF)is more conducive to the growth of the active substance.After combination with the MGF,common materials(such as MnO_(2))and less common materials(such as SnO_(2))used for supercapacitors have great improvements in ion diffusion speed,cycling stability and specific capacitance.The specific capacitance of the MnO_(2)/MGF can reach929 mF·cm^(-2),and the specific capacitance retention rate is 88%after 10 000 cycles.For SnO_(2)/MGF,the specific capacitance is 640 mF·cm^(-2) and the specific capacitance retention rate is 93%after 5 000 cycles.

关 键 词：石墨毡(GF) 表面改性 超级电容器 MnO_(2) SnO_(2) 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器]