福建省某锌合金压铸产品生产线项目职业危害因素识别与控制  

Identification and control of occupational hazard factors in a production line of zinc alloy die casting products of Fujian Province

作　　者：郑玉桥 付弘业 ZHENG Yu-qiao;FU Hong-ye(Occupational Hazard Evidence Analysis Center,National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,National Health Commission,Beijing,102308,China;Occupational Health Monitoring Center,National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,National Health Commission,Beijing,102308,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心职业危害物证分析中心,北京102308 [2]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心职业健康监护中心,北京102308

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第8期1009-1011,1015,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解福建省某锌合金压铸产品生产线项目可能产生的职业危害因素及危害程度,探讨防护对策和措施。方法 2019年7月对福建某锌合金压铸产品生产企业进行现场调查和检测,对职业病危害因素进行全面识别和分析。结果锌合金压铸产品生产线项目主要产生的危害因素为粉尘、噪声、高温和氧化锌。在正常生产情况下,生产线压铸工艺、机加工工艺和抛光工艺的粉尘、高温和氧化锌检测结果均符合职业卫生限值要求,粉尘浓度检测结果为0.46~2.90 mg/m^(3),高温湿球黑球温度(WBGT)指数检测结果为28.6~28.7℃,氧化锌浓度检测结果为0.02~0.07 mg/m^(3)。部分岗位噪声检测结果不符合职业卫生限值要求,噪声强度检测结果为79.1~95.5 dB(A),合格率为83.3%。企业职工职业健康检查受检率为100.0%,未发现尘肺病或职业性噪声聋等职业病。结论该项目属于较重职业病危害风险建设项目,在改进以下防护措施的情况下,可以预防和控制产生的职业病危害因素。改进的防护措施:改进工艺,增加隔离设施,控制噪声的产生和传播;合理调整超标岗位作业人员作息,减少作业人员接触噪声时间;加强对个体防护用品的日常检查和维护工作,保证职工对个体防护用品的正确佩戴。Objective To understand the possible occupational hazard factors and the degree of hazards in a production line of zinc alloy die casting products in Fujian Province,discuss the countermeasures and protective measures. Methods A zinc alloy die casting product manufacturer in Fujian Province was investigated and tested from July 2019,and the occupational hazard factors were comprehensively identified and analyzed. Results The main hazard factors in the zinc alloy die casting production line were dust,noise,high temperature and zinc oxide. Under normal production conditions,the test results of dust,high temperature and zinc oxide in die-casting process,machining process and polishing process of the production line all met the requirements of occupational health limits. The test results of dust concentration were 0.46-2.90 mg/m^(3),the test results of high temperature wet bulb temperature index(WBGT) were 28.6-28.7 ℃,and the test results of zinc oxide concentration were 0.02-0.07 mg/m^(3). The noise detection results of some posts did not meet the occupational health limit,the noise intensity detection results were 79.1-95.5 dB(A),and the qualified rate was 83.3%. The occupational health examination rate of enterprise workers was 100.0%,and no occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis or occupational noise deafness were found. Conclusion The project is a serious occupationaldisease-inductive construction project,and the occupational hazard factors can be prevented and controlled by improving the following protective measures. The protective measures include :improving the process and increasing the isolation facilities,to control the generation and spread of noise;reasonably adjusting the work and rest of operators on posts exceeding the standard,to reduce the exposure time of operators to noise;strengthening the daily inspection and maintenance of personal protective equipment,to ensure that employees of the correct wearing of personal protective equipment.

关 键 词：锌合金压铸 职业病危害因素 识别与分析 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]