建筑业男性工人肌肉骨骼疾患及其影响因素  

Musculoskeletal disorders and its influencing factors in male construction workers

作　　者：康伏梅 冯斌[2] 单永乐[2] 王忠旭[3] KANG Fu-mei;FENG Bin;SHAN Yong-le;WANG Zhong-xu(School of Medicine and Life Sciences,Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jinan University,Jinan Shandong,250062,China;Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases,Shandong First Medical University(Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences),Jinan Shandong,250062,China;Laboratory of Occupational Protection and Ergonomics,Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100050,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学,山东省医学科学院医学与生命科学学院,山东济南250062 [2]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院,山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东济南250062 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业防护与工效学研究室,北京100050

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第8期1016-1019,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81172643);中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(131031109000150003)。

摘　　要：目的调查男性建筑工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患情况,探讨可能的影响因素。方法 2019年4—6月,采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选择《北欧肌肉骨骼问卷(修改版)》,对山东省菏泽市3个建筑工地100名建筑工人的一般情况、肌肉骨骼症状和工作情况等内容进行调查。结果建筑工人近7天工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生率为24.7%,发生率位居前4位的部位分别是颈部(9.4%)、肩部(8.1%)、上背/后背部(6.9%)和腕/手部(6.9%);近1年WMSDs的发生率为41.9%,以颈部(25.8%)最为严重,其次为上背/后背部(16.1%)、肩部(15.0%)和膝部(12.9%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,需上肢或手用力可能是建筑工人WMSDs的危险因素,文化程度和休息时间充足是保护因素。结论建筑工人WMSDs发生率较高,应加强工效学干预,预防WMSDs的发生。Objective To investigate the occupational musculoskeletal conditions of male construction workers,explore the possible influencing factors. Methods Using the epidemiological cross-sectional survey method and selecting the "Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire(Revised Edition)",the general conditions,musculoskeletal symptoms and working conditions of 100 construction workers at three construction sites in Heze City of Shandong Province were analyzed from April to June 2019. Results The incidence of work related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) in the past seven days was 24.7%. The top four sites of the highest incidence rate were the neck(9.4%),shoulder(8.1%),upper back/back(6.9%),and wrist/hand(6.9%). The incidence of WMSDs in the past year was 41.9%,with the neck(25.8%) being the most severe,followed by the upper/back(16.1%),shoulder(15.0%),and knee(12.9%). The results of multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that upper limb or hand force may be a risk factor for construction workers’ WMSDs,and education and adequate rest time were protective factors. Conclusion The incidence of WMSDs in construction workers is high,and ergonomic intervention should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of WMSDs.

关 键 词：建筑工人 肌肉骨骼疾患 发生率 危险因素 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]