基于多源高分辨率数据的遗址空间考古精细识别研究  

Research on fine recognition of site spatial archaeology based on multisource high-resolution data

作　　者：舒慧勤 方俊永 鲁鹏[3] 顾万发 王潇 张晓红 刘学 丁兰坡 SHU Huiqin;FANG Junyong;LU Peng;GU Wanfa;WANG Xiao;ZHANG Xiaohong;LIU Xue;DING Lanpo(Areospace Information Research Institute, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Geographical Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China;Zhengzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Zhengzhou 450000, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]河南省科学院地理研究所,郑州450052 [4]郑州市文物考古研究院,郑州450000

出　　处：《国土资源遥感》2021年第2期162-171,共10页Remote Sensing for Land & Resources

基　　金：国家十三五重点研发计划“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范-天地联合田野考古调查关键技术”(编号:2020YFC1521900);国家自然科学基金项目“郑州地区新石器-青铜时代环壕沉积模式研究”(编号:41971016);国家自然科学基金项目“河南贾鲁河上游地区全新世早中期环境与聚落形态演变关系研究”(编号:41671014);国家社会科学基金项目“2013—2018年度河南巩义双槐树遗址考古资料整理与综合研究”(编号:19ZDA227);郑州环境考古研究项目“河南省数字环境考古特聘研究员项目”(编号:200501002)共同资助。

摘　　要：河南省郑州市的平陶城是东周重要城邑,具有重要的历史价值。由于传统考古调查具有耗时长、投入大、工作量大等问题,平陶故城的聚落布局、遗迹分布等仍不清晰。研究选取Corona和Google Earth历史影像、无人机热红外和高光谱影像,对比分析不同载荷、不同时相、不同尺度影像上的色调和纹理特征,提取平陶城城址的考古异常区域,发现了疑似城墙、城门、角台、长方形房基等遗迹,并根据识别结果初步重建遗址空间结构。研究结果表明,Corona影像有助于识别遗址早期面貌,Google Earth历史影像可以在微小的疑似遗迹特征检测和提取方面提供帮助,航空热红外影像可以揭示在地面或光学影像上不明显的埋藏的考古特征,航空高光谱影像经过最小噪声分离变换有助于探测微弱信息。研究证明综合利用多源高分辨率数据可对遗址遗迹分布、空间结构进行调查、预测和重建,为进一步考古研究和遗址保护提供参考。The ancient city of Pingtao,Zhengzhou City,Henan Province,was an important city in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and has important historical value.Due to the problems of time-consuming,heavy investment and heavy workload in traditional archaeological investigations,the settlement layout and relic distribution of the old city of Pingtao are still unclear.In this study,the authors selected Corona,Google Earth historical images and aerial thermal infrared images,comparatively analyzed the tonal and texture features on images of different loads,phases and scales,and extracted the archaeological anomalous areas of the Pingtao City site and Dianjuntai site.Suspected ruins such as city walls,gates,corner platforms and rectangular building foundations were discovered,and the spatial structure of the ruins was initially reconstructed based on the identification results.The results of the study show that Corona imagery helps to identify the early appearance of the site,Google Earth historical imagery provides assistance for the detection and extraction of tiny suspected relic features,and aerial thermal infrared imagery can reveal such archeological features as indistinct burial on the ground or optical image.The research proves that the comprehensive utilization of multi-source high-score data can investigate,predict and reconstruct the distribution and spatial structure of the relics,thus providing a reference for further archaeological research and site protection.

关 键 词：遥感考古 遗址识别 无人机热红外 高光谱 CORONA Google Earth 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]