论清末民初地方的“大学荒”与“大学梦”的实现  

The Local“University Shortage”and the Realization of“University Dream”in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

作　　者：刘秀峰 LIU Xiufeng(College of Education Science,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学教育科学学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2021年第6期19-29,共11页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学青年课题“新中国70年来县域内学校布局的变迁研究”(编号:COA200244)。

摘　　要：在清末新政的过程中,清政府曾发布兴学上谕要求各省建立大学堂,然而在随后的正式制定的学制中,又将各省的大学堂降格为大学预科性质的高等学堂。民国成立后,变本加厉,规定预科须附设于大学,使得地方上连预科性质的高等学校亦不得设立,我国地方上出现了"大学荒",严重阻碍了地方文化教育的发展。各地纷纷建议筹设本省的大学,在《壬戌学制》的推动下,各省大学纷纷组建,实现了本地区的"大学梦"。这些地方大学凝聚了地方文化社会力量和人才资源,奠定了我国高等教育发展的基本格局。In the process of the New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty,the Qing government once issued the encyclical on the establishment of colleges and universities in all provinces,but in the subsequent formal formulation of the school system,the colleges and universities in all provinces were downgraded to colleges and universities with the nature of preparatory university.After the founding of the Republic of China,to make matters worse,it was stipulated that preparatory courses should be attached to universities,which made it forbidden to set up even preparatory colleges and universities in local areas.Therefore,"university shortage"appeared in local areas of China,which seriously hindered the development of local culture and education.Constructing the university of the province has been proposed all over the country.In the promotion of the"Ren-Xu academic system",provincial universities have been set up one after another,realizing the"university dream"of the region.These local universities have consolidated the local cultural and social forces and talent resources,which have laid the basic pattern of the development of higher education in China.

关 键 词：清末民初教育 清末学制 《壬戌学制》 地方大学 大学荒 大学梦 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]