农业政策向可持续食物政策的转型与公平“食物环境”的创造:德国的设想  

The Transformation of German Agricultural Policy to “Sustainable Food Policy”and the Creation of “Food Environment”: A German Vision

作　　者：于晓华 陈晓福 宋玉兰[2] YU Xiao-hua;CHEN Xiao-fu;SONG Yu-lan(Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Economics,University of Goettingen,Goettingen 37073,Germany;School of Economics and Business,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumchi,Xinjiang 830052)

机构地区：[1]德国哥廷根大学农业经济与农村发展系,德国哥廷根37073 [2]新疆农业大学经济与贸易学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第4期18-26,68,共10页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“食品安全消费者行为与风险交流策略研究”(71633005)。

摘　　要：文章梳理了德国和欧盟农业政策的发展历程,概述了德国农业政策在解决了粮食安全问题和农民收入相对贫困问题后,农业政策面对的新挑战以及改革的必要性,指出在多重政策目标冲突的背景下,需要系统性制定农业政策,对传统的农业政策进行全面改革是非常重要的。2020年下半年,德国作为欧盟的轮值主席国,公布了其农业政策改革的纲领性文件——《可持续食物政策:制定综合食物政策和创造公平食物环境》,开始引领欧洲共同农业政策由以往关注农业生产和农村发展两个支柱转型为“可持续食物政策”:从社会、健康、环境和动物福利四个维度综合考虑农业的外部性,然后从八个方面提出了具体的应对性政策,创造公平的“食物环境”,达到促进农业可持续和高质量发展的目的。高质量发展的农业必须创造公平和良好的“食物环境”。这为中国系统性的农业政策改革,让农业更加“绿”起来,促进乡村全面振兴和农业高质量发展提供了方向性的参考和借鉴。The development of agricultural policies usually experiences 3 different stages:food security problem,farmers’income problem,and high-quality growth problem.This article first elaborates the evolution and current challenges of agricultural policies in Germany and the European Union,and then points out a systematic reform necessary for the European Common Agricultural Policies as the current policy framework does not fit the multifunctionalities of agriculture any more.In the second half of 2020,Germany took the presidency of the Council of the European Union and published its historical report for agricultural policy reform in the future-Promoting More Sustainable Food Consumption:Developing an Integrated Food Policy and Creating Fair Food Environments,which attempted to lead the reform of EU agricultural policy.It paves a road from the current agricultural policy with focus on the two pillars of agricultural production and rural development to the future“Comprehensive Sustainable Food Policy”which takes into account the externalities of agriculture,comprehensively considers the following“big four”:health,social issues,environment and animal welfare,and offered 8 policy instruments.High-quality development of agriculture must create a fair and good“food environment”.This directs and provides a reference for China’s systematic agricultural policy reform which is to make agriculture“greener”and promote the overall revitalization of rural areas and high-quality agricultural development.

关 键 词：可持续食物政策 共同农业政策 绿色农业 高质量发展 食物环境 “3F政策” 德国 

分 类 号：F31[经济管理—产业经济]