岩体水力定向压裂技术研究  

Research on directional hydraulic rock fracturing technology in coal seam

作　　者：刘青[1] 熊俊 邰宝宇 时晨杰 LIU Qing;XIONG Jun;TAI Baoyu;SHI Chenjie(State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company,Beijing 100031,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]国网北京市电力公司,北京100031 [2]重庆大学资源与安全学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国矿业》2021年第S01期369-375,共7页China Mining Magazine

摘　　要：水力压裂是高效破岩技术之一,在煤岩层增透、卸压控制等方向应用较多。但是,目前就煤岩体定向压裂控制方向的研究相对较少。为突破常规煤岩体压裂限制,本文研究水力破岩压裂技术的可控性及适用性。为分析水力压裂的定向控制性,开展了理论和数值分析。结果表明,在λ<1时,起裂、扩展压力随λ增加而增加,在λ>1时起裂压力、扩展压力随λ增加而减小,主裂纹沿最大主应力方向扩展;在近似等围压条件下,定向控制裂纹可以引导和控制破岩主裂纹的扩展,且定向控制裂纹与最大主应力的方位角越小,定向控制裂纹对主裂纹引导作用越明显。基于理论和数值分析结果,可知水力定向压裂技术具有较好的应用价值。Hydraulic fracturing is one of the efficient rock fracturing technologies,which is widely used in the coal seam improvement and stress relief,but the research on directional fracturing control of coal and rock is relatively few.To break the limit of conventional fracturing,this paper studies the controllability and applicability of hydraulic fracturing.The theoretical analysis and numerical analysis are carried out to analyze the directional fracturing control,and its results match well.Whenλ<1,the crack initiation and propagation pressure increase with the increase ofλ.Whenλ>1,the crack initiation pressure and propagation pressure decrease with the increase ofλ,and the main crack propagate along the direction of the maximum principal stress.Under the condition of approximately equal confining pressure,the control crack can lead and control the propagation of the main crack,and the smaller the angle between the control crack and the maximum principal stress is,the more obvious the guiding effect of the directional control crack on the main crack will be found.Based on the results of theoretical and numerical analysis,it can be seen that the hydraulic directional fracturing has good application value.

关 键 词：水力压裂 定向控制 裂纹扩展 扩展压力 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]