对音乐文化持有者阐释的再阐释--《音乐民族志方法导论:以中国传统音乐为实例》教学与辅导之五  

Reinterpretation of the Interpretation of Music Culture--Teaching and guidance(5)for An Introduction to the Methods of Music Ethnography:Taking Chinese Traditional Music as an Example

作　　者：杨民康[1] Yang Minkang

机构地区：[1]中央音乐学院,北京100029

出　　处：《南京艺术学院学报（音乐与表演版）》2021年第2期185-192,I0003,共9页Journal of Nanjing Arts Institute:Music & Performance

基　　金：北京市教委科技创新服务能力建设--“双一流”建设经费(20)支持项目“中国乐派合作研究计划”(项目编号:10201013(007))的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：[音乐]民族志以往主要强调描述性书写,继而强调“描述+阐释”。如今“超民族志”,或“溢出(传统)民族志的书写”已经渐成主流。音乐民族志研究者一旦关注到了音乐表演这一较为具体的实践活动场域,其阐释方式、内容和研究视角都发生了前所未有的变化。音乐民族志有三个阐释层面:“阐释什么?”直指阐释的对象和内容,即某种包含音乐文化文本在内,作为文化传统存在的音乐文化活动文本。“怎样阐释?”“谁来阐释?”又分两种阐释途径:其一是通过即时性、在场性的“演文化”行为及音乐表演活动过程,这是一种以艺术形式呈现的、第一层次的阐释性手段和文化表述方式。音乐表演者(同时身为内文化传承人)便是传统音乐文化的第一阐释人。其二是采用语言、文字或其他媒介(如影视音乐民族志)进行的“写文化”“拍文化”阐释活动。也包括那些局内音乐“非遗”传承人的口述史描述,这是居于第二、三层面的“对别人阐释的再阐释”,也是“对别人音乐美学观的再阐释”。音乐民族志的研究思维与方法论也就此经历了由关注“作品”样态的、静态的外部研究转向考察“生产(编织)过程”的、动态的内部研究的转化过程。Ethnography used to emphasize descriptive writing, and then "description + interpretation". Nowadays, "super ethnography" or "over f low(traditional) ethnography writing" has gradually become the mainstream. Once the researchers of music ethnography pay attention to music per formance, the way of interpretation, content, and research perspective have changed unprecedentedly. Music ethnography has three levels of interpretation: "what to interpret?" It directly refers to the object and content of interpretation, that is, a text of music cultural activities, including the text of music culture, as a cultural tradition. "How to explain it? " and "Who will explain? " There are two ways of interpretation: one is through the immediate and on-the-spot "per forming culture" behavior and the process of music per formance activities, which is an ar t form, the first level of interpretive means and cultural expression. Music per former is the first interpreter of traditional music culture. The second is the interpretation of "writing culture" and "filming culture" by using language, writing or other media(such as film music ethnography). It also includes the oral histor y description of the inheritors of the music "intangible cultural heritage", which is the second and third level of "reinterpretation of other people’s interpretation" and "reinterpretation of other people’s music aesthetics".

关 键 词：音乐民族志 描述与阐释 对别人阐释的再阐释 音乐文化活动文本 音乐文化文本 

分 类 号：J607[艺术—音乐] J605