国内外肉牛遗传评估体系概况  

Overview of Genetic Evaluation System of Beef Cattle in China and Abroad

作　　者：朱波[1,2,3] 李宏伟 周姵诺 李倩 高翰 王泽昭 汪聪勇 蔡文涛 徐凌洋 陈燕[1] 张路培[1] 高雪[1] 高会江[1,2,3] 李俊雅[1,2,3] ZHU Bo;LI Hongwei;ZHOU Peinuo;LI Qian;GAO Han;WANG Zezhao;WANG Congyong;CAI Wentao;XU Lingyang;CHEN Yan;ZHANG Lupei;GAO Xue;GAO Huijiang;LI Junya(Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;National Centre of Beef Cattle Genetic Evaluation,Beijing 100193,China;Beef Simmental Breeding Alliance,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [2]国家肉牛遗传评估中心,北京100193 [3]肉用西门塔尔牛育种联合会,北京100193

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2021年第6期1447-1460,共14页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31802049,31672384);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助;中国农业科学院创新工程(ASTIP-IAS03,CAAS-XTCX2016010);中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所基本科研业务费(2019-YWF-YTS-11)。

摘　　要：种公牛的选育是肉牛育种工作的核心。传统选育肉用种公牛需要经过后裔测定进行选择,其优点是准确性高,但存在周期长、屠宰和肉质性状难以收集、成本高等问题,致其选择效率低。自2001年全基因组选择概念提出后,该技术迅速成为动植物育种领域研究的热点。利用全基因组选择进行肉用种公牛的选育,进行早期选择从而大幅度缩短世代间隔,可以提高繁殖性状等低遗传力性状的选择准确性,加快遗传进展,并大大降低育种成本。2014年,美国安格斯协会开始应用全基因组选择技术,其他欧美发达国家也陆续使用,肉牛育种进入基因组时代。中国自2017年开始使用全基因组选择技术选择青年肉用种公牛,并于2020年在全国范围内使用该技术进行基因组遗传评估。本文综述了国内外肉牛遗传评估现状,以期为我国肉牛育种工作提供参考和借鉴。Beef bull selection is the core of beef cattle breeding.Traditional breeding of beef bulls requires progeny testing,which has the advantages of high accuracy,however,it has the problems of long cycle for breeding,difficult to collect the slaughter and meat quality traits,and high cost,resulting in low selection efficiency.Since the concept of genomic selection was put forward in 2001,it has quickly become a hot spot in animal and plant breeding.When genomic selection was used to select the beef bulls,it can select individuals at early age,greatly shorten the generation interval,improve the prediction accuracy of low heritability traits such as reproduction traits,accelerate the genetic progress,and greatly reduce the breeding cost.In 2014,the American Angus Association began to apply the genomic selection technology,and other developed countries in Europe and the United States also successively used it.Beef cattle breeding entered the genomic era.Since 2017,China began to use the genomic selection technology to select young beef bulls.In 2020,this technology was implemented for national beef cattle genomic evaluation.The current situation of genetic evaluation in China and abroad was summarized in this article,which was respected to provide references for beef cattle breeding in China.

关 键 词：肉牛 遗传评估 综合选择指数 全基因组选择 

分 类 号：S823.92[农业科学—畜牧学] S823.2[农业科学—畜牧兽医]