古代雕版版片保护研究  

The Protection of Ancient Woodblocks

作　　者：李晶 祁赟鹏 周亚军 特日格乐 李玉虎 袁有响 LI Jing;QI Yunpeng;ZHOU Yajun;TERI Gele;LI Yuhu;YUAN Youxiang(Engineering Research Center of Historical Cultural Heritage Conservation of Ministry of Education,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119;Shandong Museum,Jinan 250014;Anhui Archives,Hefei 230001)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学材料科学与工程学院历史文化遗产保护教育部工程研究中心,西安710119 [2]山东博物馆,济南250014 [3]安徽省档案馆,合肥230001

出　　处：《档案学研究》2021年第3期135-140,共6页Archives Science Study

基　　金：山东省艺术科学重点课题“山东博物馆藏雕版印刷墨迹分析与保护研究”(项目编号:WH2018029)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：雕版印刷技艺是运用刀具在木板上雕刻成"反体"文字或图案,再用墨、纸等材料刷印的一种特殊技艺,是中国印刷史上的重要阶段,形成了极为珍贵的古籍和档案文献。雕版版片是最重要的实物见证,现存数量有限,对其保护研究非常必要。木雕版中含有植物纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、果胶等,其上的墨迹中含有碳、动物胶等物质,易发霉生虫。通过采用超景深显微镜、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、显微拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、激光粒度仪等现代分析设备,对一套现存清代雕版的病害及印刷材料进行了观察分析,发现其主要病害为虫蛀、霉斑,其印刷所用墨为松烟墨。针对出现的病害情况,选择环氧乙烷杀虫灭菌的方法进行保护,并研究了预防性保护措施。Woodblock printing is a special technique to carve reverse characters or patterns on woodblocks with cutting tools and to print with ink,paper and other materials.It is such an important stage in the printing history of China that extremely precious ancient books and archives were printed with this technique.Woodblocks are the most important physical witness of woodblock printing.At present,the number of existing woodblocks is very small,so it is necessary to research on their preservation.In due to the plant cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,pectin in wood and carbon,animal glue and other substances in ink,it is prone to mould and pests.The diseases and printing materials of a series of Qing dynasty woodblocks were observed and analyzed with 3D digital microscope,Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),microscopic Raman spectroscopy(Raman)and Laser Particle Size Analyzer.It was found that the woodblocks were mainly damaged by moth and mold,and the printing ink was pine soot.According to the disease condition,epoxy ethane was used for insecticidal sterilization and the preventive protection methods of woodblocks were researched.

关 键 词：雕版版片保护 病害分析 印刷用墨 虫霉防治 

分 类 号：G273.3[文化科学—档案学]