巴基斯坦俾路支民族主义极端化及其对中巴经济走廊建设的影响  

The Radicalization of Baloch Nationalism in Pakistan and Its Influence on the Construction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

作　　者：孔亮 KONG Liang

机构地区：[1]战略支援部队信息工程大学洛阳校区

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2021年第3期47-60,154,共15页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：俾路支民族主义接近族裔民族主义,具有极端化的潜质。长期以来,巴基斯坦的俾路支人在政治上缺乏话语权,经济上贫穷落后,文化上受"萨达尔"制度的影响而封闭、守旧。在这些因素的影响下,俾路支民族主义逐渐极端化,表现为只顾自身利益而不顾其他民族利益的"民族利己主义"、拒绝外来民族和文化的"民族排外主义"以及割断历史、文化联系以谋求独立的"民族分离主义"。俾路支民族主义极端化对中巴经济走廊建设产生了消极影响:俾路支利己主义者将该省的资源和经济走廊项目视为民族私产,追求俾路支人利益的最大化,不顾走廊的整体性和宏观性,片面强调公平,影响了中巴经济走廊的建设进度;俾路支排外主义者认为外族人参与俾路支省的经济开发会改变当地的人口结构,危害俾路支人的利益、身份认同和文化传统,因而破坏经济走廊形象,降低了当地社会对经济特区、工业园区的参与程度;俾路支分离主义者将经济走廊视为掠夺俾路支省资源的阴谋,频繁发动针对经济走廊项目和中国人的恐怖袭击,威胁着经济走廊的安全。Balochis is one of the main ethnic groups in Pakistan,and most of them live in Balochistan,which is a very significant province to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC).The construction of CPEC there is not smooth,it is faced with obstructions from Baloch nationalists,especially from the extreme Baloch nationalist.Baloch egoists view resources and CPEC projects in Balochistan as Baloch private properties and pursue the maximization of the interests of Balochis,ignoring the integrity and macroscopic nature of CPEC and emphasizing the fairness,so that they delayed the construction progress of CPEC.Baloch exclusivists believe that the foreign participation in Balochistan’s economic development will change the demographics of the region and jeopardize the interests,identity and cultural traditions of Balochis,so they destroyed the public image of CPEC and reduced the participation of local society in the special economic zones and industrial parks consequently.Baloch separatists regard CPEC as a plot to plunder Balochistan’s resources,so they launched terrorist attacks against CPEC projects and Chineses frequently,threatening the security of CPEC.

关 键 词：民族主义 巴基斯坦 俾路支人 极端化 中巴经济走廊 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F135.3[政治法律—政治学] D735.3[政治法律—中外政治制度]