广西喀斯特地区耕作对土壤水分及降雨响应机制的影响  

Effect of Tillage on Soil Moisture and Rainfall Response Mechanism in Karst Areas of Guangxi

作　　者：李帅[1] 邓婉珍 李健[3] 陶涣壮 甘磊[1,2] LI Shuai;DENG Wang-zhen;LI Jian;TAO Huan-zhuang;GAN Lei(Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology for Science and Education Combined with Science and Technology Innovation Base,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室科教结合科技创新基地,广西桂林541004 [4]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第6期31-36,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501230,41761048);广西自然科学基金项目(2016GXNSFAA380197)。

摘　　要：为揭示耕作方式对土壤特性及土壤水分的降雨响应过程的影响,以广西喀斯特地区粉垄耕作和免耕甘蔗种植地为研究对象,利用田间定位监测系统对0~10、10~30、30~50 cm土壤含水量及降雨量进行连续观测,并对土壤的基本理化性质进行测定。结果表明:①粉垄耕作的土壤总孔隙度增加,容重降低。在0~10、10~30、30~50 cm土壤有机质含量分别增加35.4%、69.7%、46.2%,差异显著(P<0.05)。②两种处理土壤水分对降雨的响应程度均呈现随土壤深度增加而降低的趋势。在中雨事件下,免耕仅在0~10 cm层土壤水分对降雨有较为明显的响应。在大雨和暴雨下,免耕10~30 cm层对降雨的响应时间分别滞后于粉垄耕作9 h和3 h,30~50 cm层分别为2 h和5 h。粉垄耕作的土壤含水量与降雨表现出明显的同步性,对降雨有着极为显著的响应过程。③土壤含水量变异系数整体上呈现随土壤深度先变大,后减小的趋势。在中雨、大雨和暴雨事件发生前,粉垄耕作30~50 cm的土壤平均含水量均低于免耕,而降雨发生后30~50 cm层土壤含水量及变异系数均大于免耕,表明在降雨发生后粉垄耕作的深层土壤水分能够得到及时有效的补充。综上,粉垄耕作改善了土壤环境,显著提升表层土壤的含水量及各层次土壤水分对降雨的响应程度,从而使各层次土壤水分在降雨发生时得以快速有效补充。In order to reveal the influence of farming methods on the soil properties of sugarcane planting land and the response degree of soil moisture to rainfall,the soil water content under sugarcane coverage in 0~10,10~30 and 30~50 cm layer under smash-ridging cultivation and no-tillage treatments and precipitation were automatically monitored in situ in the Karst area of Guangxi.In addition,the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil were measured.The results showed that:①Smash-ridging cultivation increased the total soil porosity and reduced the soil bulk density.The soil organic matter content was increased by 35.4%,69.7%,and 46.2%,respectively,in 0~10,10~30,and 30~50 cm layer with significant differences at P<0.05 under smash-ridging cultivation treatment.②The response degree of soil moisture to rainfall in the two treatments both showed a trend of decreasing with the increase of soil depth.In the event of moderate rain,the soil moisture under no-tillage had an obvious response to rainfall only at 0~10 cm layer.Under heavy rain and torrential rainfall,the response time of the no-tillage treatment to rainfall was 9 h and 3 h,respectively,later than that of the smash-ridging cultivation treatment in the 10~30 cm soil layer,while that in the 30~50 cm layer was 2 h and 5 h,respectively.The soil water content of smash-ridging cultivation showed obvious synchronization and response process to rainfall.③On the whole,the variation coefficient of soil water content increased first and then decreased with soil depth.Before the occurrence of moderate rain,heavy rain and torrential rain,the average soil water content of 30~50 cm layer under smash-ridging cultivation was smaller than that under no-tillage,but the soil water content and variation coefficient of 30~50 cm layer after the occurrence of rainfall were greater than that under no-tillage,indicating that the deep soil water under smash-ridging cultivation could be timely and effectively supplemented after such rain events.In summary,smash-ridging culti

关 键 词：喀斯特地区 粉垄耕作 免耕 土壤特性 土壤水分 降雨响应 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程] S566.1[农业科学—农业工程]