用于膀胱癌灌注治疗的纳米药物研究进展  

PROGRESS OF NANO-DRUGS FOR INTRAVESICAL THERAPY OF THE BLADDER CANCER

作　　者：王晓娟 顾汉卿[1] WANG Xiaojuan;GU Hanqing(The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin Institute of Urology,Tianjin 300211,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学第二医院,天津市泌尿外科研究所,天津300211

出　　处：《离子交换与吸附》2021年第2期183-192,共10页Ion Exchange and Adsorption

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目重点项目子课题(2016YFC1100300);功能高分子教育部重点实验室基金(KLFPM202005)。

摘　　要：膀胱癌是泌尿系统多发肿瘤之一,在新发膀胱癌中约75%为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌,其标准治疗手段为行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术,并在术后进行膀胱灌注治疗。然而,膀胱组织因其特殊的生理特性,导致排泄过程中,药物在膀胱内滞留时间短,使得膀胱灌注仅在短期内有效。近几年来,膀胱内腔灌注药物载体得到了发展,即通过导管将负载有药物的多种纳米载体材料输送到膀胱内腔中。纳米载体由于其合适的粒径、表面特性及与膀胱壁黏膜层的直接相互作用,可以有效延长药物在膀胱内腔的滞留时间,增加其在膀胱内壁组织的粘附性和穿透力,从临床应用角度讲,是安全的膀胱内药物递送方式,因而引起材料学界和临床医学界的广泛关注。本文针对这一类膀胱内腔给药载体材料进行系统概述,以治疗方法为分类依据,总结了目前多种形式的纳米粒子的治疗效果,还对这些纳米粒子存在的共性问题进行概括,并提出了可能的解决方法,以期为材料的设计研究以及临床应用提供指导与借鉴。Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the urinary system, and about 75% of the new cancers are nonmuscular invasive bladder cancers. The standard treatment of bladder cancer is transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, followed by intravesical therapy. However, because of the special physiological characteristics of bladder tissue, the retention time of drugs in the bladder is short, which reduces its adhesion, permeability and selectivity to the tumor tissue, making bladder perfusion only effective in a short period. Recently, nano-carrier materials loaded with drugs are delivered into the inner cavity of the bladder through a catheter, and they have the advantages of minimal invasion, little stimulation, can effectively prolong the retention time of the drugs in the bladder, increase the adhesion and penetration with the inner wall tissue of the bladder. Therefore, may be a promising candidate for long-time, effective and safe drug delivery for intravesical therapy. Several types of nano-carrier materials for intravesical instillation are summarized, along with a brief overview of the common problems existing in these nanoparticles, in order to provide help for the materials design and clinical application.

关 键 词：膀胱癌 膀胱内腔给药 纳米材料 

分 类 号：R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程]