神华宝日希勒露天矿排土场生态修复中物种引种的关键气候因素  

Key Climate Factors in Species Introduction for Ecological Reconstruction of the Dump Site of Shenhua Baorixile Open-pit Mining

作　　者：肖栋[1] 毕银丽[2] 于立安 陈文文 宋子恒 何海伦[3] KEITA Mohamed XIAO Dong;BI Yinli;YU Li’an;CHEN Wenwen;SONG Ziheng;HE Hailun;KEITA Mohamed(State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中南大学生命科学学院,长沙410083 [4]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,徐州221116

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期73-82,共10页Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51974326);煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室2017年开放基金项目(SKLCRSM17KFA08);中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKLCRSM19X0012)。

摘　　要：神华宝日希勒露天矿地处我国植物抗寒带二区,气温低、昼夜温差大和无霜期短等气候条件严重制约排土场的生态修复,根据当地气候立地条件做好植物引种是保障生态修复成功实施的首要条件.综合植物生长环境需求与神华宝日希勒露天矿排土场所在地区的气候特征,冻害、活动积温和风场等气候条件是控制植物引种、影响植物生长与播种的关键因素.通过统计分析神华宝日希勒露天矿排土场所在地区2011—2019年的气候特征,综合该排土场中黑黏土和腐殖土2种表土类型区域中原生植物的多样性分析与主要植被生长的有效积温特征,揭示了排土场生态修复中所需关注的有效积温、冻害、根系越冬和风场等气候因素特性.研究结果表明:(1)宝日希勒地区的年最低气温为-42~-35℃,年均无霜期为130天,年均有效积温为2391.8℃,年均有效积温累计天数为157.11天.(2)根据当地相对丰度较高的猪毛菜和地肤的生长特征,引种植物评估指标可构建为:活性积温需求<2100℃;植物最低耐受温度<5℃;多年生植物根系冻害温度<-40℃、萌发温度>10℃、平均生长周期为90天左右.Shenhua Baorixile Open-pit Mining is located in the second zone of Chinese drought-tolerant zone.In this zone,dump site ecological restoration is hard because of cold,large temperature difference between day and night,and short frost-free period.In the ecological restoration process,it is important that select the right introduction species based on local climate and site conditions.Comprehensive environment requirements of plant growth and climate characteristics of the dumping sites in the research area such as cold injury,active accumulated temperature and wind field are key factors that influence plant introduction,plant growth and seeding.Some climatic characteristics affecting plant introduction and growth were statistically analyzed by studying the climatic characte-ristics of the dump site of Shenhua Baorixile Open-pit Mining from 2011 to 2019 as well as the diversity of native plants in black clay topsoil and humus topsoil in the research area and the effective accumulated temperature of main vegetation growth.As the analysis confirmed,the annual minimum temperature in the research area was-42~-35℃,the average annual frost-free period was 130 days,the average annual effective accumulated temperature was 2391.8℃,and the average annual effective growth days was 157.11 d;according to the growth characteristics of Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad and Salsola collina Pall,which are mainly local plants,the evaluation index for introduced species was established,namely active accumulated temperature requirement<2100℃,minimum plant temperature tolerance<5℃,perennial plant root freezing temperature<-40℃,germination temperature>10℃,and ave-rage growth period of about 90 days.

关 键 词：露天矿 排土场 生态修复 立地条件 物种引种 气候因素 

分 类 号：TD164[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]