甲基苯丙胺成瘾者抑制控制损伤的可逆性:有氧运动的改善机制及应用研究进展  

Reversibility of Inhibition Control Injury in Methamphetamine Addicts:The Research Progress of the Improvement Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise and Its Application

作　　者：王坤 张庭然 罗炯[1] WANG Kun;ZHANG Tingran;LUO Jiong(Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification,College of Phnysical Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学体育学院运动戒毒研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《体育科学》2021年第4期88-96,F0003,共10页China Sport Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SWU2009103)。

摘　　要：通过梳理有氧运动与甲基苯丙胺(MA)成瘾者抑制控制损伤之间的相关研究,旨在提炼有氧运动改善其抑制功能损伤的脑机制,并阐述有氧运动中的不同变量对MA成瘾者抑制控制的影响差异。结论:1)抑制控制的损伤是MA成瘾者产生强烈用药渴求等戒断综合征的生物学基础,同时也是调控成瘾行为的重要靶点;2)脑内多巴胺、5-羟色胺与脑源性神经营养因子及其受体的微观适应性变化,以及脑结构与脑激活水平的宏观动态调控,是有氧运动改善MA成瘾者抑制控制损伤的两大可能机制;3)运动是一个综合性变量,具有运动强度的剂量性、运动方式的多样性及干预周期的差异性等特征。目前,在控制运动时长的情况下,高强度且形式多样的长期有氧运动干预,似乎更有利于改善MA成瘾者的抑制控制损伤。故未来研究应有机结合微观与宏观视角,严格控制运动干预过程中的调节变量,探究更具普适性、针对性的运动干预处方,以深入揭示有氧运动改善MA成瘾者抑制控制的路径机制及效益。This study aims to summarize the effects and mechanisms of aerobic exercise on methamphetamine(MA)addicts’inhibition control of injury,and investigate the difference in the influence of different variables in aerobic exercise on the inhibitory control of MA addicts.It is suggested that:1)Inhibition control of injury is the biological basis of withdrawal syndromes such as strong drug craving for methamphetamine addicts,and it is also an important target for addictive behavior regulation;2)there are two possible mechanisms of aerobic exercise in improving the inhibit control injury of MA addicts,one is the micro-adaptive changes of dopamine,serotonin,brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptors in the brain,and the other one is the macrodynamic regulation of brain structure and brain activation levels;3)exercise is a comprehensive variable with characteristics of the dose of exercise intensity,the diversity of exercise types,and the difference of intervention duration.At present,it is found that the high-intensity and various types of long-term aerobic exercise intervention is more effective to improve the inhibition control damage of MA addicts when the exercise time is controlled.Future research should combine the micro and macro perspectives and strictly control the adjustment variables in exercise intervention,so as to explore more universal and targeted exercise intervention programs in order to investigate the mechanism and benefits of aerobic exercise in improving the inhibitory control of MA addicts.

关 键 词：运动戒毒 有氧运动 甲基苯丙胺 抑制控制 脑机制 可逆性 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]