铜对背角无齿蚌幼蚌的组织损伤效应研究  

Effects of copper on tissues of juvenile Anodonta woodiana

作　　者：刘凯[1] 陈修报[2] 刘洪波[2] 姜涛[2] 杨健[1,2] LIU Kai;CHEN Xiu-bao;LIU Hong-bo;JIANG Tao;YANG Jian(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,China;Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment Assessment and Research Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,中国水产科学研究院长江中下游渔业生态环境评价和资源养护重点实验室,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第6期1183-1189,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2019GH10);中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心基本科研业务费(2019JBFM05);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31502166);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队项目(2020TD18)。

摘　　要：为了探究铜(Cu)对背角无齿蚌(Anodontawoodiana)的组织毒性损伤效应,基于对Cu毒性较为敏感的幼蚌,根据Cu对幼蚌96 h-EC50和我国渔业水质标准(GB 11607—1989)中Cu限量设定5个浓度(2.0、1.0、0.1、0.01、0.005 mg·L^(-1)),并进行24、48、72、96 h的暴露及组织(鳃、消化腺、外套膜和斧足)切片观察。结果显示:0.005 mg·L^(-1)的Cu对幼蚌没有产生明显的组织损伤。经过96 h暴露,鳃在0.01 mg·L^(-1)暴露组开始出现色素细胞显著增加、细胞空泡化的现象;在0.1 mg·L^(-1)暴露组鳃开始出现巨噬细胞增多、纤毛脱落;在2.0 mg·L^(-1)暴露组,鳃出现细胞坏死、鳃丝萎缩、结缔组织糜烂等损伤效应。斧足在0.1 mg·L^(-1)暴露组开始出现细胞空泡化及上皮层损伤;在2.0 mg·L^(-1)暴露组,斧足上皮层损伤和细胞空泡化加剧。外套膜在0.01 mg·L^(-1)暴露组开始出现色素细胞和巨噬细胞显著增加;2.0 mg·L^(-1)暴露组开始出现上皮层损伤。消化腺从0.1 mg·L^(-1)暴露组开始出现小管上皮细胞变形、淋巴区域扩大以及结缔组织萎缩。研究表明,背角无齿蚌幼蚌的鳃对Cu毒性的组织损伤效应最为敏感,适宜用作淡水渔业生态环境Cu污染监测和毒性评价的靶器官。To explore the toxic effects of Cu on the gill,digestive gland,mantle,and foot tissues of juvenile Chinese pond mussel(Anodonta woodiana),the Cu concentration gradients were set as 2.0,1.0,0.1,0.01,and 0.005 mg·L^(-1)according to the corresponding values of the 96 h EC50 and the Cu limit in China′s Fishery Water Quality Standard(GB 11607-1989).The results showed that 0.005 mg·L^(-1)of Cu did not cause clear tissue damage.After 96 h of exposure,the gills of the 0.01 mg·L^(-1)group showed a significant increase in pigment cells and cell vacuolization.In the gills of the mussels exposed to 0.1 mg·L^(-1)of Cu,macrophages began to increase and cilia fell off.In the group exposed to 2.0 mg·L^(-1)of Cu,gill cell necrosis,filament atrophy,and connective tissue erosion were observed.Cell vacuolation and epithelial damage of the foot occurred in the mussels exposed to 1.0 mg·L^(-1)of Cu,and this effect was clearly aggravated when exposed to 2.0 mg·L^(-1).Significant increases in the pigment cells and macrophages of the mantle were found for the mussels exposed to 0.01 mg·L^(-1)of Cu,whereas the epithelial layer was damaged at 2.0 mg·L^(-1)exposure.The digestive glands presented tubular epithelial cell deformation,an enlarged lymphatic area,and connective tissue atrophy at 0.1 mg·L^(-1)exposure.The results suggested that the gills were the most sensitive tissue of the mussel to Cu toxicity,and thus could be used as a target tissue for Cu contamination monitoring and toxicity assessment of the ecological environment of freshwater fisheries.

关 键 词：背角无齿蚌 铜 组织切片 毒性效应 渔业生态环境 

分 类 号：X503.22[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.5