钒胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长及钒积累与转移的影响  

Effects of vanadium stress on growth,vanadium accumulation,and translocation in alfalfa

作　　者：武振中 杨金燕[2] 张有贤[1] WU Zhen-zhong;YANG Jin-yan;ZHANG You-xian(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Architecture and Environment,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]四川大学建筑与环境学院,成都610065

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第6期1198-1207,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2018HH0137);成都市科技攻关项目(2018-YF05-00760-SN)。

摘　　要：为探讨钒(V)胁迫下紫花苜蓿的生长响应及钒积累与转移特征,采用室内水培试验,设置不同浓度(0、0.1、0.5、2.0、4.0、10.0 mg·L^(-1)V)含钒营养液,研究了各浓度钒胁迫下紫花苜蓿株高、根长、叶绿体色素、光合气体参数、叶片膜脂过氧化程度及细胞膜透性、生物量、各组织钒浓度、钒转移系数(TF)和冠层、根系、整株钒提取量及冠层、根系钒提取量占总提取量百分比,以期为通过紫花苜蓿修复钒环境污染提供理论依据。结果表明,低浓度钒(0.1 mg·L^(-1)V)处理时根长、叶绿体色素(叶绿素a、b及类胡萝卜素)含量、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及生物量均有增加但不明显(P>0.05)。相反,高浓度钒(≥4.0 mg·L^(-1)V)显著降低了株高、根长、叶绿体色素、Tr、Gs、Pn及生物量,同时叶片膜脂过氧化程度及膜透性显著增大(P<0.05)。与对照相比,根长在≥0.5 mg·L^(-1)V时显著减小;2.0 mg·L^(-1)V时冠层及总干物质量显著降低(P<0.05),但0.5 mg·L^(-1)V和2.0 mg·L^(-1)V时株高、叶绿体色素、光合气体参数、叶片膜脂过氧化程度及膜透性均无明显变化(P>0.05)。对照组各器官钒浓度为叶>根>茎,而钒处理组为根>茎>叶,根系是紫花苜蓿贮存钒的主要部位。TF随钒浓度的增加先降低后略有升高。每盆植株冠层钒提取量在4.0 mg·L^(-1)V时最大,为0.5464 mg。尽管在≥4.0 mg·L^(-1)V时植株生长显著受抑制,但根系、冠层及整株钒提取量较≤2.0 mg·L^(-1)V处理显著增大。研究表明,紫花苜蓿具有相对较强的抗钒胁迫能力,具有一定的修复钒环境污染的潜能。The study aims at providing a theoretical basis for the restoration of vanadium environmental pollution using alfalfa by evaluating its growth response,vanadium accumulation,and translocation characteristics under vanadium stress.An indoor hydroponic experiment was designed with nutrient solution of varying vanadium concentrations(0,0.1,0.5,2.0,4.0,10.0 mg·L^(-1)V),where alfalfa′s plant height,root length,chloroplast pigment,photosynthetic gas parameters,degree of leaf membrane lipid peroxidation,cell membrane permeability,biomass,vanadium concentration in each tissue,vanadium translocation factor(TF),vanadium uptake amount in shoots,roots,the whole plants,and the percentages of shoots,roots vanadium uptake amount to total intake quantities under each vanadium concentration were determined.The results revealed that,at low vanadium concentration(0.1 mg·L^(-1)V),the root length,chloroplast pigments(chlorophyll a,b,and carotenoid)content,leaf net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and biomass were not significantly increased(P>0.05).In contrast,high vanadium concentrations(≥4.0 mg·L^(-1)V)significantly reduced the plant height,root length,chloroplast pigments,Tr,Gs,Pn,and biomass;meanwhile,the degree of leaf membrane lipid peroxidation and membrane permeability significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the root length markedly decreased at≥0.5 mg·L^(-1)V.At 2.0 mg·L^(-1)V,the shoot and total dry matter mass declined markedly(P<0.05).Nevertheless,plant height,chloroplast pigments,photosynthetic gas parameters,degree of leaf membrane lipid peroxidation,and membrane permeability were not conspicuously affected at 0.5 mg·L^(-1)V and 2.0 mg·L^(-1)V(P>0.05).Vanadium concentration in control plant tissues was in the order of leaf>root>stem,and the order in vanadium-treated seedlings was root>stem>leaf.The roots were the primary storage site for vanadium in the plant.TF was initially decreased and then increased slightly wit

关 键 词：钒 紫花苜蓿 胁迫响应 积累 

分 类 号：X503.23[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S541.9[农业科学—作物学]