田间老化生物质炭对潮土氨挥发的影响  

Effects of field-aged biochar on NH_(3) emissions under wheat-maize rotation

作　　者：廖霞 刘德燕[1] 陈增明 何铁虎 牛玉慧 丁维新[1] LIAO Xia;LIU De-yan;CHEN Zeng-ming;HE Tie-hu;NIU Yu-hui;DING Wei-xin(State Key Laboratory of Soil Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第6期1326-1336,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200309);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41730753)。

摘　　要：为了揭示不同用量生物质炭田间老化后对土壤氨挥发的影响,采用密闭通气法监测了小麦-玉米轮作下土壤氨挥发损失。试验设5个处理:不施肥(Control)、常规施氮(CN)以及常规施氮加3、6、12 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭(NB3、NB6、NB12)。结果表明:6 t·hm^(-2)和12 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭施用3 a后降低了小麦产量,但对玉米产量无影响;生物质炭显著降低了小麦籽粒氮吸收量,但3 t·hm^(-2)和6 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭增加了玉米籽粒氮吸收量。田间老化生物质炭显著降低了小麦季NH3挥发,相反增加了玉米季NH3挥发,但是6 t·hm^(-2)和12 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭显著降低了年度NH3挥发累积量。6 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭田间老化3 a后显著降低了单位小麦产量NH3排放量,对单位玉米产量NH3排放量无显著影响,总体降低了年度单位产量NH3排放量。研究表明,田间老化3 a后,6 t·hm^(-2)和12 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭处理显著降低了年度NH3挥发量。Using a continuous air-flow enclosure method,soil NH3 volatilization under wheat-maize rotation was monitored to explore the effect of different doses of field-aged biochar on NH3 volatilization.The field experiment included five treatments:no fertilization(Control);conventional N application(CN);conventional N fertilizer and 3 t·hm^(-2)(NB3),6 t·hm^(-2)(NB6),and 12 t·hm^(-2)(NB12)biochar.Biochar application after three years reduced wheat yield but had no apparent effect on maize yield.Additionally,biochar reduced the grain N uptake by wheat,while the NB3 and NB6 treatments increased the N uptake.In the fourth year after application,biochar reduced the cumulative NH3 emissions and NH3 emission factor of the applied N during the wheat season but increased these values during the maize season.The NB6 and NB12 treatments reduced the annual NH3 emissions.The NB6 treatment did not affect the yield-scaled NH3 emissions in the maize season but reduced the yield-scaled NH3 emissions in the wheat season,thereby reducing annual yield-scaled NH3 emissions.

关 键 词：生物质炭 NH3排放 潮土 玉米 小麦 轮作 密闭通气法 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]