氮肥品种对露地蔬菜NH_(3)挥发及经济效益的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types on NH_(3) volatilization from open-air vegetable fields

作　　者：李晓明 居静[1] 夏永秋[2] 钱晓晴[1] 颜晓元[2] 周伟[2] LI Xiao-ming;JU Jing;XIA Yong-qiu;QIAN Xiao-qing;YAN Xiao-yuan;ZHOU Wei(College of Environment Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China;Changshu Agro-eclological National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225000 [2]江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第6期1337-1343,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213302,2018YFD0201203)。

摘　　要：为研究不同氮肥品种在露天种植中的NH_(3)挥发减排效果,于2019年5月至11月在中国科学院常熟农业生态实验站种植4季叶菜类蔬菜,利用密闭室-通气法研究了不同氮肥品种处理下露地蔬菜NH_(3)挥发排放,并计算了NH_(3)挥发造成的环境损益。试验共设置5个处理,分别为常规尿素(N200,每季蔬菜施氮量为200 kg·hm^(-2))、硝基复合肥(N200A)、脲酶抑制剂尿素(N200B)、有机肥部分替代(N200C)和不施肥处理(CK)。结果表明:N200处理下NH_(3)挥发平均累积排放量(以N计,下同)为24.75 kg·hm^(-2),N200A的NH_(3)挥发平均累积排放量为3.75 kg·hm^(-2),与N200相比降低了84.84%(P<0.05),N200B和N200C处理的NH_(3)挥发平均累积排放量较N200处理分别降低了74.52%(P<0.05)和48.71%(P<0.05);N200和N200C造成的NH_(3)挥发环境损益分别为928.13元·hm^(-2)和476.25元·hm^(-2)。N200A蔬菜产量最高,平均为34.03 t·hm^(-2),与N200相比增加了25.13%,同时N200A的环境损益最低,为140.63元·hm^(-2)。研究表明,在太湖地区典型蔬菜地采用硝基复合肥、有机肥部分替代和添加脲酶抑制剂均可显著减少露地蔬菜NH_(3)挥发,其中硝基复合肥增产效果最好,NH_(3)挥发环境损益最小。To reduce NH_(3) volatilization from open-air vegetable fields,NH_(3) volatilization rates from four seasons of vegetables under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments were compared from May to November 2019 in Changshu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences.According to local fertilization practices,the total N-fertilizer application rate was set as 200 kg·hm^(-2),and five treatments were established:urea fertilization(N200),nitro-compound fertilizer(N200A),urease inhibitor urea(N200B),organic fertilizer partial substitution(N200C),and no fertilization(CK).NH_(3)volatilization was measured by closed-chamber ventilation methods,and environmental benefits caused by NH_(3)volatilization(calculated by N)were calculated.The results showed that the cumulative NH_(3)volatilization of N200 was 24.75 kg·hm^(-2),while the cumulative NH_(3)volatilization emission of N200A was 3.75 kg·hm^(-2),which was 84.84%lower than that of N200(P<0.05).The cumulative emissions of NH_(3) volatilization of the N200B and N200C treatments were 74.52%(P<0.05)and 48.71%(P<0.05)lower than that of the N200 treatment,respectively.The environmental losses caused by NH_(3)volatilization for the N200 and N200C treatments were 928.13 yuan·hm^(-2)and 476.25 yuan·hm^(-2),respectively.The N200A treatment had the highest vegetable yield,reaching 34.03 t·hm^(-2),which was 25.13%higher than that of N200;meanwhile,the environmental loss(140.63 yuan·hm^(-2))was lowest among all the treatments.This showed that NH_(3) volatilization from open-air vegetable fields in the Taihu Lake region can be reduced by using nitro-compound fertilizer,partial substitution of organic fertilizer,and addition of urease inhibitor.Among these,nitro compound fertilizer resulted in the highest vegetable yield and the lowest environmental loss caused by NH_(3) volatilization.

关 键 词：氮肥 露地蔬菜 NH3挥发 环境损益 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]