作物-鱼共作对淡水养殖系统N_(2)O排放的影响  

Impacts of different crop-fish co-culture systems on N_(2)O emission from freshwater aquaculture systems

作　　者：鲍婷 王梦杰 吴俊男 刘耀斌[1] 李凤博[1] 冯金飞[1] 方福平[1] BAO Ting;WANG Meng-jie;WU Jun-nan;LIU Yao-bin;LI Feng-bo;FENG Jin-fei;FANG Fu-ping(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,杭州311400

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第6期1344-1353,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877548,41907410)。

摘　　要：以作物[粳稻(Oryzasativa L.subsp.japonicaKato)、籼稻(Oryzasativa L.subsp.sativa)、小白菜(Brassicarapa L.ssp.pekinensis)和空心菜(Ipomoeaaquatic Forsk)]-黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrusfulvidraco)共作为例,探索不同类型作物与鱼共作对养殖水体N_(2)O产生和排放的影响。利用静态箱和顶空平衡-气相色谱法,测量水稻/蔬菜-黄颡鱼共作系统N_(2)O排放通量和上覆水与土壤孔隙水N_(2)O浓度。不同作物-鱼共作对养殖水体N_(2)O排放均有显著消减作用。与单养鱼处理相比,籼稻-鱼共作、粳稻-鱼共作、空心菜-鱼共作和小白菜-鱼共作处理N_(2)O排放量分别减少82.1%、69.2%、67.9%和60.3%。稻-鱼共作可以同时减少上覆水和土壤孔隙水中N_(2)O浓度,但菜-鱼共作仅减少上覆水中N_(2)O浓度。稻-鱼共作显著降低养殖水体TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和底泥NH_(4)^(+)-N、DON浓度,菜-鱼共作仅显著降低养殖水体NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度。作物-鱼共作处理显著增加养殖前期底泥中nirK和nosZ基因丰度,对nirS基因丰度没有显著影响。作物-鱼共作处理对鱼产量没有显著影响,但是获得额外的作物产品,显著提高了系统氮素养分利用率。与单养鱼相比,水稻和蔬菜与鱼共作均能显著减少N_(2)O排放,提高养殖系统氮素利用率。籼稻-鱼共作的减排效应要优于其他3种共作处理。A pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the impacts of crop(Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica Kato,Oryza sativa L.subsp.sativa,Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis or Ipomoea aquatic Forsk)and yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)co-culture on the production and emission of N_(2)O from a freshwater aquaculture system.Net N_(2)O flux and concentration in the overlying and soil pore water of different treatments were measured using static chamber and headspace equilibrium-gas chromatography methods.Co-culture of crop and fish significantly reduced N_(2)O emission from the aquaculture system.The total amount of N_(2)O emissions from the indica rice-fish co-culture,japonica rice-fish co-culture,water spinach-fish co-culture,and little cabbage-fish co-culture systems were reduced by 82.1%,69.2%,67.9%,and 60.3%,respectively,compared with the fish monoculture system.Rice-fish co-cultures reduced N_(2)O concentration both in the overlying and soil pore water,while the vegetable-fish co-culture only reduced N_(2)O concentration in the overlying water.The rice-fish co cultures significantly reduced the concentrations of total nitrogen(TN),NH_(4)^(+)-N,and NO_(3)^(-)-N in the aquaculture water and concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N and DON in soil.The vegetables-fish co-culture significantly reduced the concentration of NO_(3)^(-)-N in aquaculture water.Crop-fish co-cultures significantly increased the abundance of nirK and nosZ genes in the soil at the early co-culture stage but did not significantly affect the abundance of nirS genes at the full co-culture stage when compared with the fish monoculture.The crop-fish co-culture had no significant effect on fish yield but significantly improved the system′s nitrogen nutrient utilization,reducing N_(2)O emissions from the aquaculture system.The mitigation effect of the indica rice-fish co-culture system was better than the other three co-culture systems.

关 键 词：作物-鱼共作系统 N2O排放特征 功能基因 氮污染 

分 类 号：S964.9[农业科学—水产养殖]