呼和浩特市16种园林草本植物的燃烧性研究  

A study on combustibility of 16 garden herbs in Hohhot

作　　者：盛东晨 徐家琛 王雷[1] Sheng Dongchen;Xu Jiachen;Wang Lei(Forestry college,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期88-99,共12页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2015MS0346);内蒙古农业大学双一流项目(203/170005)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究了秋季防火期间呼和浩特市16种园林草本植物燃烧性的强弱,为呼和浩特市防火避灾型园林绿地建设过程中难燃草本植物的筛选提供参考。[方法]以每种植物茎、叶两营养器官为研究对象,基于热重分析法,在30 mL·min^(-1)通氧速率,40℃·min^(-1)升温速率下由室温升温至600℃得TG与DTG曲线,经Coats-Redfern模型求解快速热解阶段一阶动力学活化能E、指前因子A、热解特性指数P、着火指数Di,结合样本灰分含量、粗脂肪含量、热值、燃点4项理化性质,采用因子分析法综合评价16种草本植物燃烧性的强弱。[结果]16种草本植物在空气气氛下的热失重过程可分为失水阶段、热解阶段、碳化阶段,快速热解温度范围在253.75~334.92℃,彩叶草茎、叶的热失重量分别为52.71%与56.18%,是燃尽后质量消耗最少的样本,碧冬茄茎、叶最大热失重速率为4.514%·min^(-1)与9.317%·min^(-1),是热解最快的样本,其燃烧性主要受叶片影响;16种草本植物叶片热解温度与反应活化能较茎干偏低,粗脂肪含量与热值显著高于茎干,叶片与茎干的灰分含量相近,分别为15.84%与13.03%,由于草本植物木质素含量较低,因此碳化阶段的TG与DTG曲线无明显失重台阶与失重峰;16种园林草本植物燃烧性排序为:碧冬茄(Petunia hybrida)>黄花萱草(Hemerocallis flava)>大花萱草(Hemerocallis×hybrida)>马蔺(Iris lactea var. chinensis)>长春花(Catharanthus roseus)>紫花玉簪(Hosta ventricosa)>八宝景天(Sedum spectabile)>芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)>鼠尾草(Salvia officinalis)>彩叶草(Coleus blumei)>黄菖蒲(Iris pseudocorus)>圆叶牵牛(Ipomoea purpurea)>宿根天人菊(Gaillardia aristata)>费菜(Sedum kamtschaticum)>细叶百日菊(Zinnia linearis)>红鸡冠(Celosia cristata)。[结论]秋季防火期间呼和浩特市基于燃烧性优选的难燃草本植物有:红鸡冠、细叶百日菊、费菜、宿根天人菊、圆叶牵牛;热解动力学参数对[Objective]In order to provide reference for the selection of refractory herbaceous plants during the construction of fire prevention and disaster avoidance landscape garden in Hohhot,the combustibility of 16 garden herbaceous plants were studied during the autumn fire prevention period. [Methods]Using the two vegetative organs of each plant stem and leaf as the research materials,based on the thermogravimetric analysis method,the TG and DTG were obtained by heating the room to600 ℃ at 30 mL·min^(-1) oxygen flow rate and 40 ℃·min^(-1) heating rate. The Coats-Redfern model was applied to calculate the first-order reaction kinetics activation energy(E),frequency factor(A),pyrolysis characteristic index(P),blaze index(Di)of rapid pyrolysis stage,combine the ash content,crude fat content,calorific value and ignition point all those 4 physicochemical properties. The combustibility of 16 herbaceous plants were comprehensively investigated by factor analysis. [Results]The thermal weight loss process of 16 plants in air atmosphere can be divided into dehydration stage,pyrolysis stage and carbonization stage. The rapid pyrolysis temperature ranged from 253. 75 to 334. 92℃. The thermal weight loss of leaves and stems of Coleus blumei were 52. 71% and 56. 18%,respectively,which made it as the least quality consumption sample after burnout,and the maximum thermal weight loss rate of leaves and stems of Petunia hybrida were 4. 514%·min^(-1) and 9. 317%·min^(-1),respectively,and its combustibility was mainly affected by leaves. The pyrolysis temperature and activation energy of leaves of all 16 plants were lower than that of the stems,but the crude fat content and calorific value of leaves were significantly higher than stems. The ash content of the leaves and stems was similar,and determined as 15. 84% and 13. 03%,respectively. Due to the low lignin content of herbs,the TG and DTG curves of carbonization stage didn’t show obvious weight loss steps and peaks;The combustibility order of 16 plants was:Petunia hybrida

关 键 词：园林草本植物 燃烧性 热解动力学参数 灰分含量 粗脂肪含量 热值 燃点 因子分析 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]