风机管道声学测试中的影响因素分析  

Analysis of the influencing factors in acoustic measurement in a pipe

作　　者：黄伟稀 何涛[1] 郝夏影[1] 陈文华 HUANG Weixi;HE Tao;HAO Xiaying;CHEN Wenhua(China Ship Scientific Research Center,National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration&Noise,Wuxi 214082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶科学研究中心船舶振动噪声重点实验室,江苏无锡214082

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2021年第12期31-37,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：工信部高技术船舶科研项目(2016[546],2016[24],2017[614])。

摘　　要：流体机械流动噪声常使用管道法测量,风机管道声学测试中存在多种因素干扰影响测试的准确性。安装于管内的传声器接收到的信号包含了声源的“真声”、仪器表面局部湍流脉动压力引起的“伪声”、管壁振动辐射声以及管壁振动传递引起的传声器振动信号,通过试验方法对各信号成分进行了测试与分离。结论显示,传声器湍流自噪声“伪声”对“真声”测试产生明显干扰,需要安装气流防护装置降低湍流自噪声,而管壁振动分量远低于声源信号,对声源测试的影响可忽略不计。The pipeline method is often used to measure the flow noise of fluid machinery.There are many factors in acoustic measurement in a pipe that affect the accuracy of a test.The signals received by the microphone installed in the tube include the“true sound”of the sound source,the“pseudo sound”caused by the local turbulent fluctuating pressure on the surface of the instrument,the vibration radiation sound of the tube wall and the vibration signals of the microphone caused by the vibration transmission of the tube wall.In this paper,the measurement and separation of the signal components were carried out through a test method.The result shows that the“pseudo sound”of the turbulence self noise of the microphone obviously interferes with the“true sound”measurement,so it is necessary to install a air flow protection device to reduce the turbulence self noise,and the vibration component of the pipe is far lower than the sound source signal,so the impact on the sound source measurement can be ignored.

关 键 词：流体噪声 管道法 声学测试 影响因素 

分 类 号：TB52[理学—物理] U66[理学—声学]