航天器弹性充液贮箱双向流固耦合响应特性数值分析  

Numerical simulations on response characteristics of a spacecraft elastic liquid-filled tank by a fluid-structure coupling method

作　　者：杨鹏飞[1,2] 陈刚 薛杰[3] 王珺[3] YANG Pengfei;CHEN Gang;XUE Jie;WANG Jun(School of Aerospace Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Aerodynamic Noise Control Key Laboratory,Mianyang 621000,China;Xi’an Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Xi’an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学航天航空学院,西安710049 [2]气动噪声与控制重点实验室,四川绵阳621000 [3]西安航天动力研究所,西安710100

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2021年第12期283-289,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11872293,11672225);气动噪声与控制重点实验室开放基金(2019)。

摘　　要：贮箱是航天器的重要组成部分,就其结构方面来讲,基本特点是结构重量轻、刚度和强度要求高。贮箱本身填充大量液体,同时还需要经历较复杂的力学环境。因此薄壁贮箱的流固耦合问题,特别是动力学问题,一直是航天器的关键问题之一。针对薄壁贮箱的流固耦合问题,建立了弹性充液贮箱模型,采用双向流固耦合方法对考虑流固耦合效应的充液贮箱进行了瞬态响应分析,得到了充液贮箱液体晃动波高以及贮箱结构应力随时间的变化历程。通过改变贮箱的材料、厚度以及箱内液体的充液比,研究了箱体柔性对液体晃动及结构受力特性的影响。结果表明:适当增加箱体材料的柔性,即通过减小材料的杨氏模量、密度和厚度,可以有效抑制贮箱内液体晃动;增大箱体的厚度或者减小材料的杨氏模量和密度,箱体受到的应力均减小;改变箱内液体的充液比,可以发现,随着箱内液体充液比的增加,液体晃动幅度减小,箱体受到的应力增大。A storage tank is an important part of a spacecraft.As far as its structure is concerned,its basic characteristics are light weight,high rigidity and strength requirements.The tank is filled with a large amount of liquid,and also needs to undergo a complicated mechanical environment.Therefore,the fluid-structure coupling dynamics problem of thin-walled tanks has always been one of the key issues for spacecrafts.Aiming at the fluid-structure coupling problem of thin-walled tanks,an elastic liquid-filled tank model was established,and the two-way fluid-structure coupling method was used to analyze the transient response of liquid-filled tanks considering fluid-structure coupling effects,and to obtain liquid sloshing wave height and time history of tank structure stress.By changing the material and thickness of the storage tank and the liquid-filling ratio,the effects of the flexibility of the tank on the sloshing of the liquid and the mechanical characteristics of the structure were studied.The results show that:by appropriately increasing the flexibility of the box material,that is,by reducing the Young's modulus,density,and thickness of the material,the liquid in the tank can be effectively suppressed;Increasing the thickness of the box or reducing the Young's modulus and density of the material will reduce the stress on the box.By changing the filling ratio,it can be found that as the liquid-filling ratio increases,the amplitude of liquid shaking decreases,and the stress on the tank increases.

关 键 词：弹性贮箱 液体晃动 双向流固耦合 瞬态响应 

分 类 号：V434[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]