“放管服”改革背景下农业转基因生物安全监管制度改革之道  

Perfection of the Regulatory System of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms under the Background of "Decentralization" Reform

作　　者：邹志 Zou Zhi(School of Law,Nankai University,Tianjin,300350 China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《农业科技管理》2021年第3期67-71,共5页Management of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD188)。

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情叠加国际局势变化,导致粮食安全问题愈发严峻,农业转基因作物产业化应用或将加速。文章将《农业转基因生物安全管理条例》置于"放管服"改革的背景下加以审视,重点从农业转基因生物安全监管理念、进出口制度、监管方式三个方面提出制度完善建议:农业转基因生物监管应当系统引入风险治理的理念,从基于过程的监管逐渐转向基于风险的监管,并将基因编辑技术纳入监管范围;根据《中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府经济贸易协议》(以下简称《中美经贸协议》),有必要简化农业转基因生物进出口审批手续;可以引入"双随机,一公开"、行政约谈、强制信息披露等手段,强化转基因生物全链条监管。最后指出,农业转基因生物监管可以引入双罚制,以夯实行政相对人责任。The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic and changes of world situation makes food security issues increasingly important,and the industrial application of agricultural genetically modified organisms(GMOs)may accelerate.The Regulation on the Safety of GMOs will be reviewed in the context of"decentralization"reform,and this paper puts forward some suggestions from three aspects:regulatory concept,import and export authorization processes,regulatory tools.The regulation of GMOs should systematically introduce the concept of risk governance,gradually from process-based to risk-based regulatory frameworks,and gene editing technology should be brought into the scope of supervision.According to China-US Economic and Trade Agreement,it is necessary to simplify authorization processes for the import and export of GMOs.Administrative interviews and compulsory information disclosure can be introduced to strengthen the supervision of the whole chain of GMOs.The regulation of GMOs can introduce the double penalty system to consolidate the administrative counterpart′s responsibility.

关 键 词：农业转基因生物 监管 “放管服”改革 《中美经贸协议》 

分 类 号：F310[经济管理—产业经济]