22~42日龄和43~63日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡低蛋白质饲粮氨基酸平衡模型研究  

Amino Acid Balance Pattern of Low Protein Diet in Rapidly-Growing Yellow-Feathered Chickens during 22 to 42 Days of Age and 43 to 63 Days of Age

作　　者：王薇薇 蒋守群 林厦菁 王一冰 丁发源 程忠刚 WANG Weiwei;JIANG Shouqun;LIN Xiajing;WANG Yibing;DING Fayuan;CHENG Zhonggang(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,畜禽育种国家重点实验室,农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室,广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广州510640 [2]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第6期3198-3209,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0500600);国家肉鸡产业技术体系项目(CARS-41-G10);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31802104);广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030310096);广东省科技计划项目(2017B020202003);广州市科技计划重点项目(201804020091);广东省农业科学院科技计划项目(202106TD,201620,201805,201807B,201809B及201908)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究建立黄羽肉鸡22~42日龄和43~63日龄氨基酸平衡模型,为低蛋白质饲粮配制技术提供科学依据。2个阶段的饲养试验分别选用22和43日龄、健康、发育良好的快大型黄羽肉鸡公鸡各168只,根据体重相近原则随机分为7个组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只鸡。正常对照(SD)组为标准组,低蛋白质(LP)组的粗蛋白质水平降低3%,其氨基酸含量与SD组相同,低蛋白质低赖氨酸(LP-Lys)、低蛋白质低蛋氨酸(LP-Met)、低蛋白质低色氨酸(LP-Trp)、低蛋白质苏氨酸(LP-Thr)和低蛋白质低异亮氨酸(LP-Ile)组分别在LP组的基础上,将赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸和异亮氨酸的水平降低20%,其他氨基酸水平不变。采用饲养试验和氮平衡试验,2个阶段饲养试验的试验期均为21 d。结果表明:1)低蛋白质饲粮氨基酸平衡模型显著影响2个饲养阶段黄羽肉鸡的末重和平均日增重(P<0.05)。22~42日龄时,LP组的末重显著低于除LP-Ile组外的其他5个试验组(P<0.05),平均日增重显著低于除LP-Met和LP-Ile组外的其他4个试验组(P<0.05);SD组的料重比最低,显著低于除LP-Met、LP-Thr和LP-Trp组外的其他3个试验组(P<0.05)。43~63日龄时,LP-Met组的末重和平均日增重均显著高于LP、LP-Lys和LP-Trp组(P<0.05)。2)LP-Met组黄羽肉鸡的胸肌率最高,显著高于LP-Thr和LP-Ile组(P<0.05)。3)低蛋白质饲粮氨基酸平衡模型对63日龄黄羽肉鸡的肉品质无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)22~42日龄时,LP-Lys组黄羽肉鸡的氮存留率最高,显著高于SD、LP-Thr、LP-Trp和LP-Ile组(P<0.05);43~63日龄时,SD组的氮存留率显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。综合考虑生长性能和氮存留率指标得出,22~42日龄时,快大型黄羽肉鸡饲粮氨基酸中赖氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶苏氨酸∶色氨酸∶异亮氨酸=100.0∶55.6∶97.2∶25.0∶95.8;43~63日龄时,综合考虑生长性能、胸肌率和氮存留率各项指标得出,适宜氨基酸平衡比例为赖氨酸∶蛋This experiment aimed to establish amino acid balance pattern of yellow-feathered chickens from 22 to 42 and 43 to 63 days of age,and provide scientific reference for low protein diet formulation technology.In two stage feeding experiments,one hundred and sixty-eight 22-day-old or 43-day-old healthy and well developed rapidly-growing yellow-feathered male chickens were both randomly allocated into 7 groups with 6 replicates per group and 4 chickens per replicate according to similar weight principle.Normal control(SD)group was standard group,and the crude protein level in low protein(LP)group was decreased by 3%,and its amino acid contents were the same as those in SD group.In low protein and low Lys(LP-Lys),low protein and low Met(LP-Met),low protein and low Trp(LP-Trp),low protein and low Thr(LP-Thr)and low protein and low Ile(LP-Ile)groups,the levels of Lys,Met,Trp,Thr and Ile were reduced by 20%on the basis of LP group,respectively,while the levels of other amino acids remained unchanged.Feeding experiment and nitrogen balance experiment were used,and two stage feeding experiments lasted for 21 days.The results showed as follows:1)there were significant effects of amino acid balance pattern of low protein diet on final body weight(FBW)and average daily gain(ADG)of yellow-feathered chickens during two stage feeding experiments(P<0.05).From 22 to 42 days of age,FBW in LP group was significantly lower than that in the other 5 experimental groups except for LP-Ile group(P<0.05),ADG in LP group was significantly lower than that in the other 4 experimental groups except for LP-Met and LP-Ile groups(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain in SD group was the lowest and was significantly lower than that in the other 3 experimental groups except for LP-Met,LP-Thr and LP-Trp groups(P<0.05).From 43 to 63 days,FBW and ADG in LP-Met group were significantly higher than those in LP,LP-Lys and LP-Trp groups(P<0.05).2)Percentage of breast muscle of yellow-feathered chickens in LP-Met group was the highest and was significantly

关 键 词：黄羽肉鸡 氨基酸平衡模型 低蛋白质饲粮 蛋氨酸 氮存留率 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]