氮肥管理对春小麦产量及氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring wheat

作　　者：马献发[1] 刘春柱 朱莹雪 许连周 王琪[1] MA Xianfa;LIU Chunzhu;ZHU Yingxue;XU Lianzhou;WANG Qi(School of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2021年第5期18-25,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD020040703)。

摘　　要：为探讨有机肥替代部分化肥氮与分时期施肥对春小麦产量和氮素利用率的影响,采用田间试验,设置常规施氮肥处理(CF)、不施氮肥处理(CK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(N1)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮并分2期施入(N2)和分3期施入(N3)共5个处理。分析比较不同处理春小麦植株各部位氮素积累量与分配比例、春小麦产量、产量构成要素、氮素利用率以及土壤肥力指标变化。结果表明,不同氮肥管理对春小麦产量影响依次为N1>N2>CF>N3>CK,与CF相比,N1和N2显著增产21.33%和16.64%,N3产量却降低7.09%;从氮肥农学效率看,N1>N2>CF>N3,与CF相比,N1和N2显著提高66.00%和51.45%,而N3差异不显著。通过产量与相关因素冗余分析可知,春小麦产量与植株氮素总积累量、籽粒氮素积累量、土壤碱解氮含量呈极显著正相关。综合分析可知,相同肥料用量,有机肥替代25%化肥氮在播种前全施更有利于春小麦增产,提高氮素利用率。In order to study the effect of partial replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by organic fertilizer and fertilization at different stages on spring wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency,five treatments were set up,including conventional nitrogen application(CF),no nitrogen application(CK),organic fertilizer instead of 25%chemical nitrogen fertilizer(N1),and organic fertilizer instead of 25%chemical fertilizer nitrogen applied in two stages(N2)or three stages(N3).The changes of nitrogen accumulation and distribution ratios,wheat yield,yield components,nitrogen efficiency and soil fertility at different stages were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the wheat yield was N1>N2>CF>N3>CK,compared with CF,N1 and N2 significantly increased by 21.33%and 16.64%,respectively,while N3 decrease by 7.09%;the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was N1>N2>CF>N3.Compared with CF,N1 and N2 significantly increased by 66.00%and 51.45%,respectively,while the difference of N3 was not significant.According to the redundancy analysis of yield and related factors,wheat yield was significantly positively correlated with the total nitrogen accumulation in plants,grain nitrogen accumulation and soil alkaloid nitrogen content.Based on the comprehensive analysis,with the same amount of fertilizer,applying organic fertilizer replaced 25%of chemical nitrogen fertilizer to spring wheat before sowing was more beneficial to increase the yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：春小麦 有机肥替代 分期施肥 氮素利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]