小冠花硬实种子物化一体破眠机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of dormancy-breaking machine with physicalchemical combining for hard seeds of Coronilla varia

作　　者：刘洋礼 孙步功 张鹏 张克平 郑小宝 汉永乾 LIU Yangli;SUN Bugong;ZHANG Peng;ZHANG Keping;ZHENG Xiaobao;HAN Yongqian(School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2021年第5期69-78,共10页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51965002);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(20YF8NA134);甘肃省高校大学生就业创业能力提升工程项目(CXCYTS2020004);甘肃省教育厅创新创业教育改革项目(CXCYJG2020004)。

摘　　要：为解除小冠花硬实种子休眠状态,提高种子发芽率,通过融合物理和化学方法提出物化结合破眠新方法,设计卧式物化一体破眠试验机,该机可实现物理破眠、化学破眠一体化流水作业。完成对样机传动机构优化设计,研磨装置、浸泡装置关键部件设计,并确定影响种子发芽率试验因素及参数范围。以种子实际发芽率为试验指标,先后开展化学浸泡、物理研磨、物理化学结合试验,建立各试验因素与种子发芽率数学模型,得到各因素对种子发芽率影响主次顺序,获得卧式物化一体破眠试验机最优工作参数为:初始压力14.9 N、研磨辊与研磨盘粗糙度400目、研磨时长12 min、稀硫酸浓度15%、浸泡时长80 min。通过实验室发芽率对比试验发现,物化一体破眠试验机处理后小冠花种子发芽率均值为82.4%与愿望函数优化结果大致相同,且明显高于单独研磨试验和浸泡试验中发芽率最大值,证明物化结合破眠方法实用性与可靠性。In order to relieve the dormancy state of the hard seeds of Coronilla varia and increase the germination rate of seeds,a new method of physical-chemical combining dormancy-breaking was proposed by fusing physical and chemical methods,and a horizontal physical and chemical integrated combining dormancy-breaking test machine was designed.Realize the integrated flow operation of physical and chemical dormancy-breaking.The optimized design of the transmission mechanism of the prototype,the design of the key components of the grinding device and the soaking device had been completed,and the experimental factors and parameter ranges that affected the germination rate of seeds had been determined.Taking the actual germination rate of the seeds as the test index,the chemical soaking test,the physical grinding test,and the physical-chemical combining test were carried out successively to establish the mathematical model of each test factor and the seed germination rate,and obtain the primary and secondary order of the influence of each factor on the seed germination rate.The optimal working parameters of the horizontal physico-chemical integrated dormancy-breaking test machine were:initial pressure 14.9 N,grinding roller and grinding disc roughness 400 mesh,grinding time 12 min,dilute sulfuric acid concentration 15%,soaking time 80 min.Through the laboratory germination comparison test,it was found that the average germination rate of the Coronilla varia seeds treated by the physicochemical integrated dormancy-breaking test machine was 82.4%,which was roughly the same as the result of the desire function optimization,and was significantly higher than the germination in the separate grinding test and soaking test.The maximum value proved the practicability and reliability of the material-chemical combining dormancy-breaking method.

关 键 词：小冠花硬实种子 物化结合 破眠机 参数优化 对比试验 

分 类 号：S223.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]