长江三角洲城镇化率与城乡收入差距的关系研究  

Relationship between urbanization rate and urban-rural income gap in the Yangtze River Delta

作　　者：闫东升 孙伟[3,4] 陈东[5] 仝文涛 YAN Dongsheng;SUN Wei;CHEN Dong;TONG Wentao(Center for the Yangze River Delta's Socioeconomic Development,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210093,China;Yangtze Industrial Economic Institute,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210093,China;Key Iabornatory of Watershed Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210008,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210008,China;Anbui University of Technology,Ma'anshan Anhui 243032,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心,江苏南京210093 [2]南京大学长江产业经济研究院,江苏南京210093 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008 [4]中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [5]安徽工业大学商学院,安徽马鞍山243032

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2021年第5期28-36,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“城市群空间结构的经济产出效率评估模型与关联机理研究———以长江三角洲为例”(批准号:41871119);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地“南京大学长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心”重大项目“长江三角洲产业链与创新链协同:现状、问题与对策”(批准号:CYD-2020018)。

摘　　要：城镇化进入加速阶段、经济转向高质量发展时期,准确把握城镇化率与城乡收入差距之间的关系,对于更好地解决城乡不平衡发展具有重要意义。基于城乡二元经济模型和已有相关研究,从城镇化率与城乡收入差距之间“倒U型”关系理论假设出发,进一步理清城镇化进程影响城乡收入差距的具体机制。为验证这一假设,以我国经济最发达的长江三角洲为例,基于2000—2018年城市尺度数据,采用空间计量模型,对城镇化率与城乡收入差距的关系进行深入研究。研究结果表明:①空间效应分析发现,城镇化率对城乡收入差距影响存在较强空间溢出效应,且在核心区与边缘区均显著存在。②城镇化率、经济发展水平、产业结构、财政状况、交通设施和对外开放等,都是城乡收入差距演变的重要驱动因素,但基于“核心-边缘”的对比发现,不同因素效应存在差异,如交通状况在核心区效应的不显著与边缘区的显著等。③总体上,长江三角洲城镇化率对城乡收入差距影响的直接效应为“U型”、间接效应为“倒U型”,且城镇化率拐点分别为0.842、0.648,这可能与研究期较高的城镇化率有直接联系。对于发展水平存在显著差距的不同区域对比看,较为发达的核心区二者之间始终呈现“U型”关系、边缘区则为“倒U型”,直接效应、间接效应的城镇化率拐点分别为0.843、0.877与0.481、0.673,但均处于城镇化率推动城乡收入差距缩小阶段。据此,提出进一步推动城镇化进程缩小城乡收入差距的政策,但在此过程中应注重强化城市之间的协调,特别是消除边界壁垒以提升要素流动便捷度。As China’s urbanization has entered an accelerated stage and its economy has turned to a period of high-quality development, accurately grasping the relationship between urbanization rate and urban-rural income gap is of great significance for the better solution of the uneven urban-rural development. Based on the urban-rural dual sector model and relevant existing research, this article further clarified how the mechanism of the urbanization process affected the urban-rural income gap from the theoretical hypothesis of the ‘inverted U-shaped’ relationship between the urbanization rate and the urban-rural income gap. Then, in order to verify this hypothesis, this article took the Yangtze River Delta as an example, based on the city scale data from 2000 to 2018, and used the spatial econometric model to conduct an in-depth study on the relationship between urbanization rate and urban-rural income gap. The results showed that:① The spatial effect analysis found that the urbanization rate had a strong spatial spillover effect on the urban-rural income gap, and it was significant in both the core zone and the marginal zone.② Urbanization rate, economic development level, industrial structure, financial status, transportation facilities and the level of opening-up were all important driving factors for the evolution of the urban-rural income gap. However, the ‘core-marginal’ comparison found that the effects of different factors were different. For example, the effect of traffic conditions was insignificant in the core zone but significant in the peripheral zone.③ In general, for the relationship between urbanization rate and urban-rural income gap, the direct effect was ‘U-shaped’ and the indirect effect demonstrated an ‘inverted U-shape’, and the inflection points of urbanization rate were 0.842 and 0.648 respectively. The difference with existing research conclusions tended to be directly related to the higher urbanization rate during the research period. From the comparison of different reg

关 键 词：城镇化率 城乡收入差距 空间溢出效应 长江三角洲 

分 类 号：F129.9[经济管理—世界经济]