西北地区气流床煤气化细灰理化特性研究  

Research on physicochemical characteristics of fine slag from gasification in Northwest China

作　　者：王文钰 李伟[1,3] 梁晨 任强强[1,2,3] WANG Wenyu;LI Wei;LIANG Chen;REN Qiangqiang(Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China;Dalian National Laboratory For Clean Energy,Chinese Academy of Science,Dalian116023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院工程热物理研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院洁净能源创新研究院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2021年第3期94-100,共7页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：气化细灰流化熔融燃烧脱碳关键技术研究项目(E02C030201);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(E029030401)。

摘　　要：气化细灰是气流床气化炉的出口粗煤气经过洗涤后黑水沉淀得到的产物,是一种煤基固体废弃物,尚无大规模资源化处置方案。为了开发气化细灰高效脱碳技术,利用激光粒度仪、元素分析仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、BET比表面积分析仪、热重分析仪等分析设备针对我国西北地区3种气流床煤气化细灰(DSG、HL、SH)的化学成分、粒径、微观形貌、孔隙结构、熔融特性和燃烧特性进行分析。结果表明:气化细灰水分较高均在40%以上,热值均低于10 MJ/kg,挥发分低,且孔隙结构差,表面存在熔融渣层。较差的孔隙结构阻碍未燃碳与氧气接触,制约了气化细灰的脱碳反应。热重分析中DSG、HL、SH的失重率分别为13%、29%和17%,相比3种气化细灰中原本的残碳16%、37%和48%,DSG气化细灰残碳消耗81%,HL气化细灰残碳消耗78%,SH气化细灰残碳消耗35%。氧气浓度由21%升至30%,一定程度上提高了气化细灰反应活性。目前常规的燃烧脱碳技术无法实现气流床煤气化细灰的高效脱碳,因此需开发新型的燃烧脱碳技术,为气化细灰的资源化利用提供支撑。Fine slag from gasification is a coal-based solid waste product,which is precipitated by black water after the coarse gas at the outlet of entrained flow gasifier is washed.There is no large-scale resource disposal plan.In order to develop efficient decarbonization technology of fine slag from gasification,the chemical composition,particle size,micro morphology,pore structure,particle size,pore size and pore size of three kinds of entrained bed coal gasification fine ash(DSG,HL,SH)in Northwest China were analyzed by using laser granulometer,elemental analyzer,scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer,X-ray diffractometer,X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,BET specific surface area analyzer,thermogravimetric analyzer and other analysis equipment.The results show that the moisture content of gasification fine ash is higher than 40%and the calorific value is lower than 10 MJ/kg.The poor pore structure and the existence of molten slag layer on the surface lead to the low reactivity of fine slag from gasification.In thermogravimetric analysis,the weight loss rates of DSG,HL and SH are 13%,29%and 17%,respectively.Compared with the original residual carbon of 16%,37%and 48%in the three kinds of fine slag from gasification,the residual carbon consumptions of DSG,HL and SH are 81%,78%and 35%,respectively.When the oxygen concentration increases from 21%to 30%,the sample reactivity is improved to a certain extent.At present,the conventional combustion decarburization technology cannot realize the efficient decarburization of fine slag from gasification.Therefore,the new combustion decarburization technology should be developed to provide support for the resource utilization of fine slag from gasification.

关 键 词：气流床 煤气化 细灰 理化特性 脱碳 

分 类 号：TQ53[化学工程—煤化学工程] X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]