现代水田微体植物遗存分析  

Analysis of Micro Plant Remains from Modern Paddy Field

作　　者：邱振威 Qiu Zhenwei

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆

出　　处：《农业考古》2021年第3期7-13,共7页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“淮河中下游新石器时代中期稻作农业与人类适应研究”(项目编号:18CKG002)。

摘　　要：基于古水田的发现和研究,本文选取一处现代水田的耕作层进行微体植物遗存提取与分析。结果显示,水稻扇型植硅体和水稻双峰型植硅体的百分比相对较低,浓度较高且自下而上趋于增加,水稻型禾本科花粉含量(平均超过50%)和浓度(高达5051个/克干样)均较高。总体上,这些反映了长期频繁的水稻种植活动。通过孢粉和植硅体构建的植被景观与采样点附近现在的植被分布具有很好的一致性,总体呈现温暖湿润的气候特点。这项工作从技术层面深化了对水稻植硅体和水稻型花粉形态与梯度分布的认识,有助于对考古遗址文化堆积中提取的水稻植硅体和花粉进行甄别和形态对比;同时,对于古水田的判定、研究以及稻作农业发展的评判也具有十分重要的意义。Based on the discovery and study of ancient paddy fields,this paper selects a modern paddy field to extract and analyze the remains of micro-plants in the plow layer of paddy soil.Generally,the percentages of Oryza-type bulliform and double-peaked Oryza-type phytoliths are relatively low while the concentrations are higher and tend to increase from bottom to top,together with the higher percentage(more than 50%in average)and concentration(up to 5051 pieces per gram dry sample)of Oryza-type Poaceae pollen,which reflects the long-term frequent rice planting.The vegetation landscape constructed by pollen and phytolith is in good agreement with the current vegetation distribution near the sampling point,and generally presents a warm and humid climate.On the one hand,this work has deepened the understanding of the morphology and gradient distribution of rice phytoliths and Oryza-type pollen from the technical level,which is helpful for the identification and morphological comparison of rice phytoliths and Oryza-type Poaceae pollen extracted from the cultural accumulation of archaeological sites.On the one hand,it is also of great significance for the judgment and research of ancient paddy field and evaluation of rice farming.

关 键 词：现代水田 植硅体 孢粉 稻作农业 环境景观 

分 类 号：K879.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]