从朝阳到夕阳:近代兰州的水烟业述论  

From Sunrise to Sunset:Review of the Hookah Industry in Modern Lanzhou

作　　者：吴斌[1] Wu Bin

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2021年第3期185-192,共8页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“社仓与清代乡村治理研究”(项目编号:19CZS033)。

摘　　要：吸烟之风的盛行与烟草种植的扩展和烟禁政策的松动密切相关,甚至可以说互为因果。嘉庆、道光之后,由于吸烟之风盛行,统治者取消了烟禁。巧借便利的水利措施,兰州地区普遍栽种水烟。当水烟的种植、吸食成为社会普遍现象之后,水烟业快速发展起来。到了清末民初,水烟贸易开始进入鼎盛时期,并且创造了水烟销售史上的黄金时代。1926年之后,由于受到战争、经济危机等各种因素的影响,兰州水烟业彻底衰落。兰州水烟的衰落过程也是中国遭受近代化洗礼与冲击不断加深的反映。英美烟叶在中国广泛种植,同时说明在面对西方冲击时,中国传统品种的烟叶本身不具有竞争力,他们面临着同样的集体命运,史学界所谓的“冲击—反应”模式具有一定的合理性。The prevalence of smoking was closely related to the expansion of tobacco planting and the loosening of tobacco ban policy,which may even be mutually causal.After Jiaqing and Daoguang periods in the Qing Dynasty,due to the prevalence of smoking,the rulers cancelled the smoking ban.Taking advantage of convenient water conservancy,hookah was widely planted in Lanzhou.When the planting and smoking of hookah became a common phenomenon in the society,the hookah industry developed rapidly.By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the trade of hookah began to enter its heyday,creating a golden age in the history of hookah sales.After 1926,due to the influence of wars,economic crisis and other factors,the hookah industry in Lanzhou completely declined.British and American tobacco was widely planted in China,which also showed that in the face of western impact,traditional Chinese tobacco leaves were not competitive in themselves,and they faced the same collective fate.The so-called impact-response model in the history circle was reasonable.The decline of Lanzhou hookah also reflected the deepening impact and baptism of modernization in China.

关 键 词：近代 兰州 水烟业 冲击—反应 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]