苏打碱土改良与水稻育苗同步的初步研究  

Preliminary Research on Synchronization of Rice Seedling Raising and Sodic Alkaline Soil Improvement

作　　者：汤俊芳 李志洪[1] 聂英斌 Tang Junfang;LI Zhihong;NIE Yingbin(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;2.Collegeof Pharmacy and Environmental Technology,Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology,Jilin 132013,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林工业职业技术学院制药与环境技术学院,吉林132013

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2021年第1期86-94,共9页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”专项(2018YFD0300208)。

摘　　要：针对吉林省西部苏打盐碱土可溶性盐含量、pH、离子(Na^(+))含量高,无法直接进行水稻育苗的问题,利用重碱土(WK)通过采用改良剂(硫酸铝、硫酸钙、硫酸亚铁、腐植酸)单施、3种无机改良剂分别与腐植酸配施,实现苏打碱土直接水稻育苗与改良同步进行,评估施用改良剂原土育苗后土壤的盐度、碱度、可溶性离子含量及水稻秧苗的生长情况,筛选出适合盐碱土水稻育苗的最佳施用量。结果表明:单施以CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O(1.8%)、配施以R_(3)(1.8%CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O与1%腐植酸)处理效果较好,单施CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O(1.8%)处理后与对照组相比,pH降低3.26,交换性钠、CO_(3)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)降低幅度分别为78.72%、100.00%、79.79%。配施的R_(3)处理碱土pH降低了3.60,交换性钠、CO_(3)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)比WK对照组分别降低98.19%、100.00%、78.72%。施用改良剂后通过培养期间淋洗而逐渐消除限制水稻生长的障碍因子,水稻秧苗成苗率、苗高得到明显提高,配施处理中S_(9)(5%腐植酸、1.8%的硫酸亚铁)的成苗率、苗高表现较好,该处理腐植酸中的胡敏酸,富里酸等物质提高了水稻秧苗素质。结合育苗成本分析及对人体健康的考虑,综合筛选出适合盐碱土水稻育苗的最佳改良剂施用配比为R_(9)(1.8%CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O与5%腐植酸配施)处理。In view of the problem that the content of soluble salt, pH and ion(Na^(+)) in soda saline alkali soil in Western Jilin province was high and that rice seedling cultivation can not be directly carried out, in this study, to realize the synchronization of direct rice seedling raising and improvement in soda alkaline soil(WK), the single application of amendments(aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and humic acid) and the combined application of the three inorganic amendments and humic acid were performed to evaluate soil salinity, alkalinity, soluble ion content and rice seedling growth and to select the optimum application rate of rice seedling raising in saline alkali soil. The results showed that: the single application of CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O(1.8%) and the combined application of R_(3)(1.8% CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O and 1% humic acid) had better effects. Compared with the control group, the treatment with CaSO_(4)·2 H_(2)O(1.8%) reduced pH by 3.26, and the reduction rates of exchangeable sodium, CO_(3)^(2-) and HCO_(3)^(-) were 78.72%, 100.00% and 79.79%, respectively. In the R_(3) treatment, pH value of alkaline soil decreased by 3.60, exchangeable sodium, CO_(3)^(2-) and HCO_(3)^(-) were 98.19%, 100.00% and 78.72% lower than those of WK control. After the application of the amendments, the obstacle factors restricting the growth of rice were gradually eliminated by leaching during the cultivation period. The seedling rate and seedling height of rice seedlings were significantly improved. Among the treatments of the combined application, S_(9)(5% humic acid and 1.8% ferrous sulfate) had better seedling rate and seedling height. In the treatment, humic acid, fulvic acid and other substances improved the quality of rice seedlings. Combined with the analysis of seedling cost and the consideration of human health, the optimum application ratio of amendments, R_(9)(1.8% CaSO_(4)·2 H_(2)O and 5% humic acid), was selected.

关 键 词：苏打碱土 水稻育苗 改良剂 同步改良 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]