陪嫁:彩礼流动的回馈机制——基于循化县婚姻支付的田野调查  

Dowry:the Feedback Mechanism of Betrothal Gifts Flow——A Marriage Payment Based on Field Survey in Xunhua County

作　　者：马成俊[1] 方玮蓉 Ma Cheng-jun;Fang Wei-rong

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学,青海西宁810007 [2]天津大学管理与经济学部,天津300072

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期31-37,共7页Journal of Qinghai Minzu University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：在承认"礼物之灵"的理论基础上,文章回顾了人类学对礼物流动机制的相关研究,发现礼物回馈的发生机制甚少成为学者们思考的中心,尤其没有从发生原因的角度进行规范性分析,进而造成对客观伦理和主观意愿二者的含混,使得彩礼回馈的微观运作过程成为"黑箱"。基于一系列的深度访谈,以青海省循化县为田野点,获取质性研究的案例数据,通过搭建礼物流动边界的理论模型,揭示"彩礼"与"陪嫁"所引起的两种不同礼物流动的回馈机制。概言之,彩礼流动的启动是婚姻市场的调节机制,而陪嫁流动的原因机制则是亲代背负的伦理义务,彩礼与陪嫁的流动同时受到婚姻匹配意志自由度的限制。但当婚姻匹配的意志自由度提高时,彩礼与嫁妆的流动机制不再受到市场和伦理的约束。这提示我们,礼物流动在有效范围内可能受到伦理与市场双向评价,而并非是与赠与者不可分割物之必然。Based on the recognition of the theory of"spirit of gift",this paper reviews the anthropological research on the flow mechanism of gift,and finds that the occurrence mechanism of gift feedback has rarely become the center of scholars’thinking,especially the normative analysis from the perspective of the cause,which leads to the ambiguity of objective ethics and subjective will,which makes the micro operation of gift feedback too complicated Cheng became a"black box".Based on a series of in-depth interviews,this paper takes Xunhua County in Qinghai Province as the field,obtains the case data of qualitative research,and reveals the feedback mechanism of two different gift flows caused by"betrothal gifts"and"dowry"by building a theoretical model of gift flow boundary.In short,the initiation of betrothal gifts flow is the regulating mechanism of marriage market,while the cause mechanism of dowry flow is the ethical obligation of parents.The flow of betrothal gifts and dowry is limited by the freedom of marriage matching will.However,when the degree of freedom of will for marriage matching increases,the flow mechanism of betrothal gifts and dowry is no longer constrained by the market and ethics.This suggests that gift flow may be subject to the two-way evaluation of ethics and market within the effective range,rather than the inevitability of being inseparable from the donor.

关 键 词：礼物流动 婚姻市场 代际伦理 婚姻支付 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]