基于地理国情数据的生态环境分析——以北京市为例  

Ecological environment analysis based on national geographical data: A case study of Beijing

作　　者：杨旭东 黄迎春[1,2] 陈娟 王淼 余永欣[1,2] Yang Xudong;Huang Yingchun;Chen Juan;Wang Miao;Yu Yongxin(Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Beijing 100038,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市测绘设计研究院,北京100038 [2]城市空间信息工程北京市重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《工程勘察》2021年第6期53-57,共5页Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying

基　　金：北京卓越青年科学家项目(JJWZYJH01201910003010);城市空间信息工程北京市重点实验室基金(2019101);城市空间信息工程北京市重点实验室基金(2019203)。

摘　　要：为了摸清生态环境现状,找出潜在污染,基于地理国情常态化监测成果数据,按照基本现状统计、综合分析评价、未来发展方向进行内容研究。以北京市为例,采用缓冲区分析、热力分析等方式对饮用水水源保护区、永久基本农田保护区、重点调查污染源、垃圾场站、危险废物处置场、堆放物等地物要素的分布、数量、面积进行统计分析。结果表明,北京市饮用水水源地保护区、永久基本农田保护区以及河湖(50m缓冲区内)范围内均存在潜在污染源;城区垃圾场站数量较多,设施较为完善。且对比城区,乡镇地区垃圾场站建设较为落后,环境友好型垃圾场站建设不足,陷入"垃圾围城"局面,部分地区明显垃圾较多但垃圾场站较少,致使垃圾无处安放。针对目前存在的问题,结合其他国家相关策略,提出合理化建议,推进生态文明建设。Based on the data of regular monitoring of national geographical conditions,this research is conducted by the basic current situation statistics,comprehensive analysis and evaluation,and future development direction. Taking Beijing as a case study,basic statistics were made on the factors of surface features such as water protection zone,permanent basic farmland protection zone,key source of pollution,garbage dump,hazardous waste disposal site and pile up,and so on. The basic statistical results are integrated to analyze the current situation of potential ecological pollution,garbage distribution and its ecological pressure. Combined with the statistical analysis results,this paper studies the weak points of ecological construction from the perspectives of the overall planning of urban and rural regional development,the balance between ecological civilization construction and the utilization of natural resources,and draws on the advantages of relevant policies of other countries to clarify the priorities of the next development strategy.

关 键 词：地理国情 生态环境 潜在污染 垃圾处理 生态建设 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]