施氮水平对水稻产量、AMF侵染状况及根际土壤性状的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application levels on rice yield,AMF infection and rhizosphere soil propeties

作　　者：周德平[1,2] 孙会峰 褚长彬[1,2] 赵峥 周胜[1,2] 吴淑杭 ZHOU Deping;SUN Huifeng;CHU Changbin;ZHAO Zheng;ZHOU Sheng;WU Shuhang(Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture,Shanghai 201415,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201415

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2021年第3期35-41,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：农业基础性长期性科技项目(ZX07S1001);上海市种业发展项目[沪农科种字(2017)第1-3号]。

摘　　要：为明确上海地区稻-麦轮作模式下稻季最佳施氮量,以8年田间定位试验点的稻田土壤为对象,研究了不同施氮水平对水稻产量、AMF侵染状况及根际土壤理化性状和微生物的影响。结果表明:在0—200 kg∕hm^(2)时,增施氮肥可显著促进水稻增产,施氮水平与产量呈正相关(r=0.923),超过200 kg∕hm^(2)后,增产效应不再显著;在0—300 kg∕hm^(2)时,随施氮水平的增加,水稻根际土壤pH、有效P和速效K含量降低,有机质含量增加,施氮水平与土壤pH、有效P和速效K含量均呈显著负相关(r分别为-0.984、-0.979和-0.952);在氮磷钾养分配比不平衡时,土著AMF的侵染性能提高,帮助水稻根系从土壤中吸取更多养分以应对逆境;增施氮肥可促进水稻根际土壤细菌和放线菌增殖,施氮水平与细菌和放线菌数量均呈正相关(r分别为0.945和0.820);施氮200 kg∕hm^(2)处理的水稻根际土壤细菌种群比例(B∕T)最高,真菌种群比例(F∕T)最低,放线菌与真菌数量比(A∕F)和细菌与真菌数量比(B∕F)均最高,根际土壤微生物碳源综合代谢能力最强,生物多样性指数较高。综上,在上海地区单季粳稻种植过程中氮肥施用量以200 kg∕hm^(2)为宜,有利于减缓耕作土壤酸化,保护土壤微生态结构平衡和物种多样性。In order to determine the optimal nitrogen application rate in rice season under rice-wheat rotation in Shanghai,the effects of different nitrogen application levels on rice yield,AMF infection status and rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and soil microorganism were studied in paddy soil of 8-year field experiment site.The results showed that in the range of 0-200 kg∕hm^(2),increasing nitrogen application could significantly promote the rice yield,and there was a positive correlation between nitrogen application level and yield(r=0.923).When the nitrogen application level was more than 200 kg∕hm^(2),the yield increasing effect was no longer significant.In the range of 0-300 kg∕hm^(2),with the increase of nitrogen application level,the pH,available P content and available K content of rice rhizosphere soil decreased,while the organic matter content increased.There was a significant negative correlation between nitrogen application level and soil pH,available P content and available K content(r=-0.984,-0.979 and-0.952,respectively).When the ratio of N,P and K was unbalanced,the infection ability of aboriginal AMF was improved to help rice roots absorb more nutrients from the soil to cope with the adversity.Increasing nitrogen application could promote the proliferation of bacteria and actinomycetes in rice rhizosphere soil,and the nitrogen application level was positively correlated with the number of bacteria and actinomycetes(r=0.945 and 0.820,respectively).The treatment of 200 kg∕hm^(2) nitrogen application had the highest proportion of bacterial population(B∕T),the lowest proportion of fungal population(F∕T),the highest ratio of actinomycetes to fungi(A∕F)and the highest ratio of bacteria to fungi(B∕F),the strongest ability of comprehensive metabolism of carbon source and higher biodiversity index.In conclusion,200 kg∕hm^(2) of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to single cropping Japonica rice in Shanghai,which is beneficial to slow down the acidification of cultivated soil and p

关 键 词：施氮水平 水稻产量 丛枝菌根真菌 土壤微生物 土壤理化性状 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学] S154.3