国际体育赛事中自甘冒险所致侵权的法律适用  

The Legal Application of Tort Resulting from Assumption of Risk in International Sports Events

作　　者：梅傲[1,2] Mei Ao

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学国际法学院 [2]西南政法大学国际法学院国际私法教研室

出　　处：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2021年第2期82-88,共7页Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“互联网体育赛事节目的版权保护研究”(17CTY015);司法部国家法治与法学理论项目“粤港澳大湾区建设中的法律冲突及解决研究”(18SFB3045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国际体育赛事中自甘冒险所致的侵权问题反映出民法、冲突法与体育法各学科交叉的复杂性。在对自甘冒险行为进行认定时,应当从体育赛事的活动主办方是否履行相应的告知义务与安全保障义务以及从运动员对国际体育赛事活动中所涉风险是否完全知悉并自愿参与两方面判断。传统侵权冲突规则一般适用侵权行为地法,但在国际体育赛事中,侵权行为地通常是项目比赛地。侵权行为地对于运动员而言,属于偶然发生的连接点。在此种情形下,若适用侵权行为地法对案件进行审理,将不利于纠纷的顺利解决。为了法律适用的效率与公正,在国际体育赛事自甘冒险的法律适用中,应兼顾实质正义与形式正义。首先尊重运动员的意思自治,其次适用运动员的共同属人法,最后用最密切联系地法代替传统的侵权行为地法。The torts caused by assumption of risk in international sports events reflect the complexity of the interdisciplinary subjects of civil law, conflict law and sports law. In determining the assumption-of-risk behavior, it should be judged from whether the sponsor of the sports event has fulfilled the corresponding obligations of notification and safety guarantee, and whether the athletes are fully aware of and voluntarily participate in the risks involved in the activities of the event. Traditional tort conflict rules are generally applicable to the law of the place of tort, but in international sports events, the place of tort is usually the place of the sports competition. The place of infringement is an accidental point of connection for athletes. Under such circumstances, if the case is tried by applying the law of the place of tort, it will not be conducive to the smooth settlement of the dispute. To ensure the efficiency and justice of legal application, we should take into account both substantive justice and formal justice in the legal application of assumption of risk in international sports events. First of all, we should respect the athletes’ autonomy of will, then apply the common Lex Personalis of athletes, and finally replace the law in the place of infringement with the law in the place of closest connection.

关 键 词：自甘冒险 侵权冲突法 意思自治 共同属人法 最密切联系地法 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]