“哥白尼转向”的回转--阿多诺对康德主体性哲学的批判性重构  

The Rotation of the“Copernican Revolution”:Adorno’s Critical Reconstruction of Kant’s Philosophy of Subjectivity

作　　者：王凤才[1] 杨潇潇 Wang Fengcai;Yang Xiaoxiao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2021年第5期25-32,127,128,共10页Philosophical Trends

摘　　要：通过对康德主体性哲学的批判性重构,阿多诺确立了自己理论框架中的诸要素:一是批判了对康德哲学的主体主义解读,断定康德哲学的主要兴趣不是主体首要性,而是通过物自体概念暗示的客体的非同一性要素,强化了客体优先性;二是通过对康德的抽象主体概念,以及从抽象主体转变为支配性主体的历史过程的批判,明确了先天的反思机制必须转变为后天的反思实践,并以此为基础阐发了反思性主体概念;三是批判了康德的先验主体概念,强调了先验主体的历史性,解构了先验主体的权力感和永恒性,凸显了真正的经验主体概念的重要性。Adorno forms the elements of his own theoretical framework through a critical reconstruction of Kant’s philosophy of subjectivity. First,he critiques the subjectivist interpretation of Kant ’s philosophy and emphasizes the priority of the object by interpreting the non-identity of the object implied in thing-in-itself.Second,Adorno critiques abstract subjectivity and the historical process that transfers abstract subject to dominant subject,thus clarifying that the innate mechanism of reflection must be transformed into the acquired practice of reflection,and this helps to explain the concept of the "reflective subject". Third,Adorno critiques Kant’s theory of the transcendental subject,and he emphasizes the historical nature of the transcendental subject,which also serves to deconstructs the transcendental subject’s sense of power and eternity and highlights the importance of the real empirical subject.

关 键 词：阿多诺 主体性哲学批判 客体优先性 反思性主体 经验主体 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]