殷墟戚家庄东墓地墓主身份辨识  

Identity of Tomb Occupants of the Qijiazhuang East Cemetery at Yinxu

作　　者：曹芳芳[1] Cao Fangfang

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京市100871

出　　处：《考古》2021年第4期103-114,共12页Archaeology

摘　　要：在殷墟九十余年的考古发掘中,发现了数量非常丰富的玉石器,尤其是妇好墓、花园庄五十四号墓等保存较好的高等级贵族墓葬出土的组合完整的批量玉器,其纹饰与造型之美、制作与工艺之精湛,也促使学界思考其背后商代制玉手工业的发展情况。然而截至目前,有关殷墟时期制玉手工业遗存发现寥寥[1]。虽然殷墟至今发掘了数量庞大的墓葬,但是制玉工匠墓葬的确认较少[2]。我们在梳理殷墟戚家庄东墓地资料时,发现该墓地随葬玉石器的比例不同寻常,这为探寻殷墟时期的玉石器手工业者提供了重要的实物资料。192 Shang tombs were excavated at the Qijiazhuang East cemetery. Amongst them, 115 tombs include jade/stone grave goods. Characteristics of unearthed jade/stone objects include: the percentage of jade/stone objects in each tomb is extraordinarily high;large jade objects are absent;the jades are small in form and fragmentary;some are made from debitage;there are also jade preforms, unfi nished, and repurposed jade objects;the quantity of stone tools is relatively high, and most are lapidary tools;raw jade/stone materials are also present;similar jade/stone objects and lapidary production debitage have been excavated from contemporary dwellings as well. Based on these patterns, along with the jade jue pendant workshop site at Qijia in Zhouyuan as a referent, it is assumed that the tomb occupants of the Qijiazhuang East cemetery were likely lapidary practitioners. This constitutes the fi rst archaeologically substantiated identifi cation of a relatively complete group of lapidary practitioners.

关 键 词：殷墟 戚家庄东墓地 墓主身份 制玉从业者 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K223[历史地理—历史学]