转入土地、农户农业信贷需求与信贷约束--基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的分析  

Land-renting,Farmers'Agricultural Credit Demands and Credit Constraints:An Analysis of CHFS Data

作　　者：路晓蒙[1] 吴雨[1] LU Xiaomeng;WU Yu(Survey and Research Center for China Household Finance,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学中国家庭金融调查与研究中心,四川成都611130

出　　处：《金融研究》2021年第5期40-58,共19页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72003149);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(JBK2102014)的资助。

摘　　要：农村土地流转是放活经营权、促进农村土地资源优化配置的重要一环。在土地流转和规模经营中,农户面临的融资问题至关重要。基于中国家庭金融调查2015年和2017年的微观数据,本文从转入土地的视角对农户融资问题进行了研究。结果表明,我国农户的农业信贷约束较为严重、信贷缺口较大。同时,转入土地这一行为对农户信贷造成了较大的影响,主要表现为:(1)转入土地这一行为显著增加了农户的农业信贷需求,但对非农信贷需求没有显著影响;(2)虽然相比未转入土地农户,转入土地的农户参与农业信贷的比例较高,但其面临的信贷约束更加严重;(3)转入土地农户的信贷金额满足度较低,信贷金额缺口也较大。进一步从土地规模来看,转入土地规模较大的农户其信贷需求更大,信贷约束与金额不满足度表现得更为明显。本文研究表明,土地流转过程中转入土地这一行为会导致农户面临更大的信贷约束问题,应持续加大对转入土地农户的金融支持力度,全面推进乡村振兴,加快农村现代化发展。According to China’s 14 th Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to consolidate and improve the basic rural management system to ensure the separation of rural contracted land ownership, contracting rights, and management rights. Land-renting is an important component of both the deactivation of management rights and the optimal allocation of rural land resources. The three-rights separation reform of agricultural land not only promotes the exchange of land management rights but also releases the value of the land and enables its full potential to be realized.The financing problems faced by farmers are crucial in the land-renting process. Issues such as the scale of land-renting, the choice of transfer method, and the speed of transfer largely depend on the resolution of financing issues. Research on the issue of land-renting by rural households focuses on the factors affecting land transfer and its performance. The studies on credit provided to farmers mostly focus on credit behavior and the importance of credit to farming households. To address a gap in the research, this paper focuses on the relationship between land-renting and the credit behavior of farmers.Using large-scale micro survey data from the nationwide China Household Finance Survey(CHFS) in 2015 and 2017, this paper conducts an in-depth study of the credit needs, credit constraints, and credit satisfaction of rural households from the perspective of land-renting. The findings are as follows:(1) Compared with farmers who have not transferred land, those who have transferred land express a stronger demand for agricultural credit, which is not accompanied by a significant increase in demand for non-agricultural credit.(2) Both the proportion of agricultural credit awarded to farmers who have transferred land and the proportion of farmers facing credit constraints have increased significantly. Further research on farmers who have obtained agricultural credit reveals that those who rent land have low credit satisfaction and identifies a relatively large ga

关 键 词：转入土地 信贷需求 信贷约束 信贷满足度 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]