20世纪90年代以来非洲政党政治发展与政党现代化——兼论政党因素对非洲国家治理的影响  

The Progress of Multi-Party Politics in Post-1990 and Party Modernization:Also on Implications of Party Politics for National Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa

作　　者：王学军 Wang Xuejun

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政治学与公共管理学院,上海200042

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2021年第3期28-53,共26页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“21世纪非洲政党政治发展态势及其影响研究”(19BGJ073)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以来,非洲政党政治发展大致经历了多党制的复兴普及和本土化调适两个阶段,至今已形成既有同一性又具多样性的"非洲特色"政党体制。尽管当前非洲政党体制及其运行还存在诸多问题,但不可否认30年来非洲政党现代化正在不断推进,并主导着非洲国家治理的进程。一方面,非洲政党治理体系的成长变化在创造和平稳定、促进政策环境改善、坚持决策自主性等方面发挥了积极作用,从而推动非洲国家治理的总体进步;另一方面,非洲各国因政党执政水平和治国理政方式的不同,产生了差异化的治理效应。具体而言,政党合法化战略塑造执政党的执政动机和治理意愿,而政党制度化水平则影响政党的治国理政能力。非洲国家政党政治发展带来的启示是:无论采取何种政党体制,执政党只有将执政诉求建立在广泛民众利益和社会经济发展基础之上,并从各方面推进政党制度化建设,才能更好地实现国家治理的进步。Since the early 1990 s,the development of African party politics has experienced two stages,including the revival of multi-party system and its localization.Up to now,the landscape of party system with"African uniqueness",which is both identical and diversified,has emerged on Sub-Saharan Africa.Despite many shortcomings and problems existed in African party system,it is undeniable that main political parties in the continent are in the process of modernization during the past 30 years,which are also leading the process of economic and social development in Africa.On the one hand,the new progress of African parties and party systems have contributed to improvement of African governance on the whole,whose role is manifested in creating political stability,promoting the improvement of development policy environment and adhering to the policy orientation of autonomous development.On the other hand,the different development modes of African political parties and political party systems and the differences in specific governance approach have produced different governance consequence.The strategy of legitimizing political parties and the level of institutionalization of political parties are two important dimensions that contribute to the differences in African governance.The former shapes the motive and will of the ruling party,while the latter mainly affects the governing capability of the political party.African experiences in party politics and national governance have important policy implications.Only placing the aspiration of ruling power on the base of the broad interests and economic development in a country while promoting party institutionalization can the ruling party play a leading role in achieving better national governance.

关 键 词：非洲政治 政党政治 多党制 政党制度化 政党现代化 国家治理 

分 类 号：D74[政治法律—政治学]