沙特阿拉伯对外援助的特点、动因与效应  

Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Assistance:Features, Motives and Effects

作　　者：陈沫[1,2] Chen Mo

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院海湾研究中心 [2]中国社会科学院西亚非洲研究所(中国非洲研究院),北京100101

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2021年第3期113-136,共24页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：20世纪70年代以来,沙特阿拉伯加入到世界主要援助国的行列。君主制、石油经济、阿拉伯民族和伊斯兰文化等多重政治、经济和文化属性,及其面临的独特的地区安全环境,无不在沙特阿拉伯对外援助中打下了深刻的烙印,形成了以王室为主体的对外援助管理和执行体制。从沙特对外援助特点看,该国对外援助资金力度大,以双边渠道为主,主要流向周边阿拉伯国家及其他地区的伊斯兰国家,聚焦受援国经济与社会发展领域。沙特阿拉伯对外援助的动因主要包括三方面:践行伊斯兰教的财产观和伦理观,支持阿拉伯民族的共同事业,以及防范应对外部的安全风险。沙特阿拉伯的对外援助为发展中国家的南南合作做出了重要贡献,不仅给受援国带来了更多的资金支持,而且体现出对受援国发展战略的尊重,提高了资金支持的优惠程度,并且在推动国际社会对发展中国家的援助中发挥了带头作用。与此同时,沙特阿拉伯的对外援助也有力维护了其自身战略利益与安全利益。未来,国际石油市场发生的结构性变化和油价的暗淡前景,将制约沙特阿拉伯的援助能力。Saudi Arabia’s joining the rank of major donors since the 1970 s is a phenomenon worthy of systematic and in-depth studies.Monarchy state system,oil economy,the cultural attributes of Arab and Islamic state,and the special regional security environment,all these factors have branded its aid system and determine the motives,size,structures and prospect of its assistance.Saudi Arabia’s aid mainly goes to Islamic countries and focuses on economic and social development of recipient countries.The motivations of the foreign aid include three aspects:practicing Islamic view of property and ethics;supporting the common course of Arab nation,and preventing external security risks.Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid has made remarkable contributions in the framework of South-South cooperation of the developing world.This is not only because it has brought additional financial support,but also because it shows respect to the development strategies of the recipient countries,improves the financial preference and plays the role in promoting international assistance to developing countries.Saudi Arabia has also earned considerable political rewards.However,the ongoing structural changes in the international oil market and the bleak prospects of oil prices are likely to constrain the aid capacity of Saudi Arabia in the future.

关 键 词：发展援助 沙特阿拉伯 沙特发展基金会 萨勒曼国王人道主义援助和救济中心 

分 类 号：D838.4[政治法律—政治学]