电报、谕旨与时间差:庚子事变期间的重复宣战问题  

Telegrams,Imperial Edicts and Time Lag:Repeated Declarations of War during the Boxer Uprising

作　　者：张文洋 Zhang Wenyang

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2021年第4期85-104,128,共21页Journalism & Communication

摘　　要：庚子事变期间,清廷宣战引发了整个事件的高潮。经考证,光绪二十六年五月二十五日宣战上谕最初并未发给地方。袁世凯利用电报提前传达并对外隐瞒了同日廷寄谕旨的宣战态度,引发了东南督抚的自保因应。与此同时,五月二十九日南北失联后内廷首条电谕通过保定电局发出。由于信息机制的混乱,保定将宣战等谕旨也一并发递给地方,引发了第二次宣战危机。东南督抚与电报局总办盛宣怀继续控制电报消息,张之洞以谕旨之间的时间差化解了不利于地方的重复宣战,保证了长江一带的稳定。宣战谕旨的一波三折呈现了电报技术在晚清政局中复杂而关键的作用,以及在新旧信息媒介的时间差中内廷与地方在电报意识、信息使用与管控上展开的博弈。The declaration of war by the Qing court brought its tensions with foreign powers to a climax during the Boxer Uprising.The paper unveiled that the imperial edict of declaration on May 25th was not initially intended to be sent to the provincial authorities.But Yuan Shikai received the news and informed the provincial governors in advance via telegraph,which contributed to the Mutual Protection of the Southeast.Due to the confused information transmission mechanism of the Qing government,the imperial edict of war declaration was repeatedly passed to the provincial government.Zhang Zhidong and the General of the Telegraph Office Sheng Xuanhuai,who were conjointly in charge of telecommunication,eased the tension on the excuse of the time lag between the different methods of transmitting the edict.By investigating the checkered process of transmission,the paper revealed the complex and crucial role of the telegraph in the politics of the late Qing Dynasty.Taking advantage of the time lag between the newand traditional information transmission mechanism,the Qing court and the provincial government competed with each other in terms of the telegraph awareness as well as the employment and management of this new media.

关 键 词：东南互保 电报 时间差 信息机制 电报意识 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]