中国国内生产总值核算历史数据的重大补充和修订  

Key Supplements and Revisions of Historical Data on China’s Gross Domestic Product Accounting

作　　者：许宪春[1,2] XU Xianchun(Tsinghua China Data Center,School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学中国经济社会数据研究中心 [2]清华大学经济管理学院,100084

出　　处：《经济研究》2021年第4期180-197,共18页Economic Research Journal

摘　　要：中国GDP生产核算和使用核算分别始于1985年和1989年,为了满足经济分析和管理对数据的需求,国家统计局对以前年度的GDP生产核算和使用核算历史数据进行了补充。20世纪90年代初,中国开展了第一次全国第三产业普查;21世纪初以来,中国开展了四次全国经济普查,每次普查之后国家统计局都对普查年度GDP核算数据进行修订。为了满足经济分析和管理对数据的连续性和可比性需求,国家统计局对普查以前年度GDP核算历史数据进行了修订。2016年,国家统计局开展了研发支出核算方法改革,相应地也对中国GDP核算历史数据进行了修订。本文对中国GDP核算历史数据的一次重大补充和六次重大修订的情况进行了比较详细的研究和阐述。首先,比较详细地研究和阐述了GDP核算历史数据的补充办法;其次,比较详细地研究和阐述了普查年度GDP核算资料来源的变化、基本分类的修订和核算方法的改革以及普查以后GDP核算历史数据的修订情况。再次,简要阐述了研发支出核算方法的改革和相应的GDP核算历史数据的修订情况。最后,阐述了GDP核算历史数据的修订作为今后一项长期的、重要的、规范性的统计工作的重要意义。本文对于研究中国中长期经济发展问题和政策问题具有参考价值。During the period from the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China till the early years of reform and opening-up, to meet the needs of economic analysis and management under the planned economic system, the national economic accounting of China adopted the Material Product System(MPS) system that stemmed from the Soviet Union with a highly centralized planned economic system. The core indicator of China’s economic accounting was the national income from the MPS, which only measured the output from production activities of five material production sectors including agriculture, industry, construction, transport, post and telecommunications, commerce and catering trade, but excluded output of service activities of non-material production sectors. Since the reform and opening-up, China witnessed rapid development in non-material production sectors such as financing, real estate, scientific research, education and cultural activities, with an increasingly important role in the development of the national economy. To reflect more comprehensively the economic development and to meet the needs of economic analysis and management, China adopted the SNA system in its national economic accounting, with the gross domestic product(GDP) in the SNA as the core indicator. Supplements were made by the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS) to the time series of GDP production and use data to meet the requirements of economic analysis and management for previous annual data. This paper discusses and presents in detail the methods of supplementing relevant historical data.As a remedy to strengthen the weak statistics of the tertiary industry, China conducted its first census of the tertiary industry in the early 1990 s. The revision was made on the production and use data of GDP for the census year based on the census results. In the early 2000 s, to adapt to the needs of economic and social development, and to be consistent with the preparation of a five-year national development program, China set up a syste

关 键 词：国内生产总值 历史数据 资料来源 基本分类 核算方法 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]