轨道交通内饰材料用阻燃增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫的性能研究  

Study on the Performance of Flame-Retardant Reinforced Rigid Polyurethane Foam for Rail Transit Interior Materials

作　　者：磨巧梅 孙宗丹 杨洋[1] MO Qiao-mei;SUN Zong-dan;YANG Yang(Guangxi Vocational and Technical College of Communications,Nanning 530023,China)

机构地区：[1]广西交通职业技术学院,广西南宁530023

出　　处：《塑料科技》2021年第5期35-39,共5页Plastics Science and Technology

基　　金：2021年度广西省高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2021KY1129)。

摘　　要：以聚磷酸铵(APP)和碳纳米管(CNTs)为阻燃剂和增强剂,采用一步发泡法制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫/聚磷酸铵/碳纳米管(RPUF/APP/CNTs)复合材料。并研究了APP和CNTs的含量对硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)的泡孔结构、阻燃性能、强度及导热系数的影响。结果表明:APP和CNTs的加入可以显著提高RPUF复合材料的阻燃性能。当添加量为20%,且APP与CNTs的质量比为2∶1时,RPUF复合材料的LOI值为28.2%,提高了61.1%,通过了UL-94测试V-0等级,而且APP和CNTs之间表现出明显的协同阻燃作用。在锥形量热测试(CCT)中,RPUF复合材料的PHRR为174.25 k W/m^(2),相比于纯RPUF,降低了66.05%。质量比为1∶2时,RPUF复合材料的压缩强度为0.30 MPa,提高了7%,弯曲强度为3.0 MPa,提高了43%。当APP与CNTs的质量比为1∶1时,相比于纯RPUF,RPUF复合材料的LOI值提高47.43%,并通过了V-0等级,且PHRR降低了63.84%。同时,RPUF复合材料的压缩强度提高了3.57%,弯曲强度提高了33.33%,此时,RPUF复合材料的综合性能达到最佳。Ammonium polyphosphate(APP) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) as flame retardants and reinforcing modifiers to prepare rigid polyurethane foam/ammonium polyphosphate/carbon nanotubes(RPUF/APP/CNTs)composites by onestep method. The effects of APP and CNTs content on the cell structure, flame retardancy, strength and thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF) were also studied. The results show that the addition of APP and CNTs can significantly improve the flame retardant properties of RPUF composites. When the addition amount is 20% and the mass ratio of APP to CNTs is 2∶1, the LOI value of the RPUF composite material is 28.2%, which is an increase of 61.1% and pass the UL-94 test V-0 level, and there is a significant synergistic flame retardant effect between APP and CNTs. In the cone calorimeter test(CCT), the PHRR of RPUF composites is 174.25 k W/m^(2), which is 66.05% lower than pure RPUF;moreover, there was a significant synergistic flame-retardant effect between APP and CNTs;When the mass ratio is1∶2, the compressive strength of the RPUF composites is 0.30 MPa, with an increase of 7%, and the bending strength is3.0 MPa, with an increase of 43%. When the mass ratio of APP to CNTs is 1∶1, compared with pure RPUF, the LOI value of the RPUF composites is increased by 47.43% and pass the V-0 level, and the PHRR is reduced by 63.84%;at the same time, the compressive strength of the RPUF composites is increased by 3.57% and bending strength is increased by 33.33%. At this time, the overall performance of the RPUF composites reaches the optimal level.

关 键 词：聚磷酸铵 碳纳米管 硬质聚氨酯泡沫 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TQ328.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TB322[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]